泥炭丘地区的排水能力

The Planter Pub Date : 2018-05-25 DOI:10.56333/tp.2018.008
S. Paramananthan, M. Wong, P. U T, V. J R
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引用次数: 0

摘要

印度尼西亚和马来西亚的大多数大型泥炭区都有一个圆顶状的表面,下面的泥炭/矿物接触面之间有一个倒碟状的界面。这导致泥炭圆顶具有透镜状的横截面。排水能力的概念是通过参考泥炭丘表面的高度与泥炭丘排水到的河流平均高度的关系来确定的。当这个圆顶表面低于河流中水的平均海拔高度时,就会发生回流到泥炭区。随着全球气候变暖和气候变化,泥炭沼泽在农业活动中的开发可能会导致这种回流。这是由于一段时期的农业发展/活动后泥炭的沉降、分解和压实造成的。以油棕种植为例,可持续棕榈油圆桌会议(RSPO)或马来西亚/印度尼西亚可持续棕榈油认证计划(MSPO/ISPO)和绿色和平倡议要求现有的油棕庄园进行排水能力研究,以确定未来是否会有河水回流到庄园。这决定了庄园可以使用自然排水的时间长度,而不是诉诸昂贵的抽水。本文综述了疏水性的概念和确定泥炭丘疏水性的相关问题。还讨论了高度计和全球定位系统(GPS)等仪器的使用。随着技术的发展,泥炭圆顶的排水能力的测定变得更加容易,但仍然具有挑战性,例如阻碍了排水能力小组沿着河岸进行当地居民的调查。本文还介绍了马来西亚的几个例子。关键词:疏水性,泥炭丘,油棕,气候变化,RSPO
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DRAINABILITY OF PEAT DOME AREAS
Most of the large peat areas in Indonesia and Malaysia have a dome-shaped surface with an inverted saucer-shaped interface between the underlying peat/mineral contact. This results in the peat dome having a lens-shaped cross-section. The concept of drainability is determined by referring the elevation of the peat dome surface in relation to the mean height of the river level to which the peat dome is being drained to. Where this dome surface is lower than the mean elevation of the water in the river, backflow into the peat area can take place. With global warming and climate change being experienced these days, the development of peat swamps for agricultural activities may result in such a backflow. This is attributed to subsidence, decomposition and compaction of the peat after a period of agricultural development/activity having taken place. In the case of oil palm cultivation, the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), or the Malaysian/Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (MSPO/ISPO) Certification Scheme and the Greenpeace initiative requires existing oil palm estates to conduct a drainability study to determine if the estate may in the future have backflow from the river into the estate. This determines the length of time the estate can use natural drainage and not resort to expensive pumping. This paper reviews the concept of drainability and the problems associated in determining the drainability of peat domes. The usage of instruments such as altimeter and global positioning system (GPS) are also discussed. With the advent of technology, the determination of drainability on peat dome is made easier but remain challenging e.g. hindering the drainability team to survey along the banks of the river by native peoples. A few examples from Malaysia also are presented in this paper. Keywords: Drainability, peat dome, oil palm, climate change, RSPO.
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