Effect of Short Term High Dietary Salt on Insulin sensitivity in the Peripheral Tissues.

It has been noted that high salt intake is allied with the risk of renal failure and cardiovascular diseases. Effects of the salt intake on insulin sensitivity were extensively studied, but findings were changeable and somewhat contradictory. Collectively, the mechanism of salt has modulated insulin sensitivity still so far ambiguous. The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of different sodium diets on insulin sensitivity, adipokines and free radicals in the adipose tissues and skeletal muscles. In this article, rat were distributed into three groups whether received normal sodium (0.45% NaCl, NS), Low sodium (0.02% NaCl, LS) or high sodium diet (8% NaCl, HS) for a period of two weeks. Results demonstrated a remarkable increase in the body weight and fat content of LS in comparison to HS group. Moreover, the LS treated group showed increased level of fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin. Contrariwise HS diet increased adiponectin and reduced the leptin gene expression, as well, the level of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). There was no change in nitric oxide (NO) in the skeletal muscle among all groups, while ROS were increased only in the LS group. These data offered the HS intake as another modulator of insulin sensitivity in the insulin sensing tissues. HS regulate insulin sensitivity by modulation of ACE, adiponectin and appetite via reduction of leptin levels in the peripheral tissue.