Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2024.285418.1167
Hebatallah Mohammed Aboudeya, A. Abdou, Maha Mostafa Attia, Noura A. Matar
Obesity and aging are associated with adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and a higher risk of chronic diseases. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of HFD-induced obesity on gene expressions of ATM polarization markers and inflammatory cytokines in male rats with different ages and the possible role of AMPK/SIRT1 pathway in mediating this effect. Sixty male wistar rats were divided into young, adult and old-age groups. Rats of each group were either fed standard diet or HFD. The present results revealed that HFD feeding in all age groups resulted in increased body weight, lipids, visceral adiposity and induced hyperglycemia and insulin resistance compared to controls. Findings revealed significant higher AT IL-6 levels and lower IL-10 levels with significant upregulation of CD11c and CD206 mRNA expressions in all age groups. The histological findings showed increased inflammation and presence of crown like structures in adult and old HFD groups. Moreover, the HFD-induced obesity in groups resulted in significant reduction in p-AMPK levels and SIRT1 expression in AT as compared to controls. AMPK and SIRT1 was positively correlated with IL-10 and CD206 and negatively correlated with TG, HOMA-IR, IL-6 and CD11c in obese groups of different ages. In conclusion, HFD-induced obesity in all ages leads to ATMs polarization and increased inflammatory response that may contribute to metabolic dysfunction. In addition, AMPK/SIRT1 pathway is suggested to be a mediator of ATMs polarization. Thus, targeting this pathway may be promising for treating obesity and aging-related diseases.
{"title":"Effect of high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on gene expression of adipose tissue macrophage markers in male rats with different ages: Role of AMPK/SIRT1 pathway.","authors":"Hebatallah Mohammed Aboudeya, A. Abdou, Maha Mostafa Attia, Noura A. Matar","doi":"10.21608/besps.2024.285418.1167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2024.285418.1167","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity and aging are associated with adipose tissue (AT) inflammation and a higher risk of chronic diseases. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of HFD-induced obesity on gene expressions of ATM polarization markers and inflammatory cytokines in male rats with different ages and the possible role of AMPK/SIRT1 pathway in mediating this effect. Sixty male wistar rats were divided into young, adult and old-age groups. Rats of each group were either fed standard diet or HFD. The present results revealed that HFD feeding in all age groups resulted in increased body weight, lipids, visceral adiposity and induced hyperglycemia and insulin resistance compared to controls. Findings revealed significant higher AT IL-6 levels and lower IL-10 levels with significant upregulation of CD11c and CD206 mRNA expressions in all age groups. The histological findings showed increased inflammation and presence of crown like structures in adult and old HFD groups. Moreover, the HFD-induced obesity in groups resulted in significant reduction in p-AMPK levels and SIRT1 expression in AT as compared to controls. AMPK and SIRT1 was positively correlated with IL-10 and CD206 and negatively correlated with TG, HOMA-IR, IL-6 and CD11c in obese groups of different ages. In conclusion, HFD-induced obesity in all ages leads to ATMs polarization and increased inflammatory response that may contribute to metabolic dysfunction. In addition, AMPK/SIRT1 pathway is suggested to be a mediator of ATMs polarization. Thus, targeting this pathway may be promising for treating obesity and aging-related diseases.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141706224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2024.290086.1168
Noha Hammad Sakr, A. A. Elmetwally, Emadeldeen Hamed, Sara Abubakr
Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, is the most significant microvascular complication of diabetes and poses a severe public health concern. Autophagy is a lysosomal process that degrades damaged proteins and organelles to preserve cellular homeostasis. The present study was designed to evaluate the nephroprotective effects of silymarin (SM) on the kidney of adult male diabetic rats. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats, weighing between 120 and 150 g were used and subdivided into four groups; control, control received silymarin, type II DM and type IIDM treated with silymarin. For all groups, the volume of urine was recorded, and the samples were analyzed to determine the 24-hour urine protein levels. blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture for further analysis of creatinine levels, renal oxidative stress markers malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity levels using ELISA kits. stained sections with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histopathological evaluation. Immunohistochemical staining for alpha smooth muscle actin, autophagy markers LC3 and P62 were done . Results: diabetic nephropathy was associated with significant proteinuria, increased serum creatinine, significant decrease in the levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX) and significant elevation in MDA. also, histological examination revealed damaged renal tubules, glomerular congestion, fibrosis, decreased autophagy but treatment with silymarin showed significant improvement in laboratory and histopathological features of the kidney.
{"title":"Targeting autophagy explaining therapeutic potential of silymarin against streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic nephropathy in a rat model: A histological and immunohistochemical study.","authors":"Noha Hammad Sakr, A. A. Elmetwally, Emadeldeen Hamed, Sara Abubakr","doi":"10.21608/besps.2024.290086.1168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2024.290086.1168","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, is the most significant microvascular complication of diabetes and poses a severe public health concern. Autophagy is a lysosomal process that degrades damaged proteins and organelles to preserve cellular homeostasis. The present study was designed to evaluate the nephroprotective effects of silymarin (SM) on the kidney of adult male diabetic rats. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats, weighing between 120 and 150 g were used and subdivided into four groups; control, control received silymarin, type II DM and type IIDM treated with silymarin. For all groups, the volume of urine was recorded, and the samples were analyzed to determine the 24-hour urine protein levels. blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture for further analysis of creatinine levels, renal oxidative stress markers malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity levels using ELISA kits. stained sections with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histopathological evaluation. Immunohistochemical staining for alpha smooth muscle actin, autophagy markers LC3 and P62 were done . Results: diabetic nephropathy was associated with significant proteinuria, increased serum creatinine, significant decrease in the levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX) and significant elevation in MDA. also, histological examination revealed damaged renal tubules, glomerular congestion, fibrosis, decreased autophagy but treatment with silymarin showed significant improvement in laboratory and histopathological features of the kidney.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"80 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141691455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2024.268353.1163
Hanan abdellatief
Alzheimer disease (AD), the most prevalent neurological disorder, is typified by cerebral neuron decline. In its earliest phases, AD triggers short-term memory fails, while in its later phases, it leads to long-term memory problems, fluctuations in mood, and withdrawal from society in elderly people. One highly neurotoxic material that aids in the deterioration of nerve cells is aluminum. Neurofilamentous defects and metabolic changes can also be brought on by long-term exposure to aluminum in the cerebral cortex. The current study evaluated Y maze learning assessments, acetylcholinesterase (AchE), oxidative enzymes, in homogenates of the cerebral cortex as well as histopathological assessment of cortex in normal, induced group by AlCl 3 and treated by Asparagus sprengeri(A.sprengeri)and Lactobacillus plantarum(L.plantarum)extracts separately or in mixture.The use of either A.sprengerior L.plantarumextracts was shown to substantially enhance the mental abilities of the induced animals. It also increased levels of oxidative enzymes, such as SOD and GSH, and decreased MDA enzymes, as well as essential neurotransmitter AChE enzyme in homogenates of the cerebral cortex. These findings were further supported by improvements in histological examination. Additionally, the effects of mixed therapies are more comparable to those of solo treatment. This study offered an evidence in using A.sprengeri or L.plantarumseparately or together as herbal remedies to treat rats with aluminum chloride-induced Alzheimer's disease and improve cognitive function.
{"title":"In vivo evaluation of anti- Alzheimer impact of Asparagus sprengeri and Lactobacillus plantarum","authors":"Hanan abdellatief","doi":"10.21608/besps.2024.268353.1163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2024.268353.1163","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer disease (AD), the most prevalent neurological disorder, is typified by cerebral neuron decline. In its earliest phases, AD triggers short-term memory fails, while in its later phases, it leads to long-term memory problems, fluctuations in mood, and withdrawal from society in elderly people. One highly neurotoxic material that aids in the deterioration of nerve cells is aluminum. Neurofilamentous defects and metabolic changes can also be brought on by long-term exposure to aluminum in the cerebral cortex. The current study evaluated Y maze learning assessments, acetylcholinesterase (AchE), oxidative enzymes, in homogenates of the cerebral cortex as well as histopathological assessment of cortex in normal, induced group by AlCl 3 and treated by Asparagus sprengeri(A.sprengeri)and Lactobacillus plantarum(L.plantarum)extracts separately or in mixture.The use of either A.sprengerior L.plantarumextracts was shown to substantially enhance the mental abilities of the induced animals. It also increased levels of oxidative enzymes, such as SOD and GSH, and decreased MDA enzymes, as well as essential neurotransmitter AChE enzyme in homogenates of the cerebral cortex. These findings were further supported by improvements in histological examination. Additionally, the effects of mixed therapies are more comparable to those of solo treatment. This study offered an evidence in using A.sprengeri or L.plantarumseparately or together as herbal remedies to treat rats with aluminum chloride-induced Alzheimer's disease and improve cognitive function.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"15 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141700159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2024.277260.1164
Mai Adawi Mohamed Abd Elgawad, Karima El-Sayed Ahmed, Amaal Nabil Sadek Elsayed, Wael Ahmed Maher Abdou Hassan, B. Dessouki, Sally Mohamed Abdelmonem
Background : Gastric ulcer (GU) is the most common disease with a prevalence of 20 – 60 per 100,000 population and accounts for 5 – 10% mortality worldwide. Along term occurrence with GU has maximum risk of stomach cancer. Ashwagandha can be used in herbal medicine for treatment of stress, headache, muscle pains and convulsions. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are drugs widely prescribed for many patients to treat gastrointestinal disorders, such gastro-esophageal reflux, and peptic ulcer. Aim : To investigate whether ashwagandha and/or PPIs could protect against stress induced gastric ulcer and if this protection is mediated the synthesis and release of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Material and Methods : Thirty adult male rats were randomized, into 5 groups/6 rats each Stress gastric ulcer was induced, both Ashwagandha and PPI were administrated orally for 15 days after induction of GU. Withdrawal of blood samples for chemical and spectral assay of antioxidant markers were done. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of TGF-β and TNF - α were done. Results: Both ashwagandha treated group and PPI treated group showed significant decrease in MDA level. The combined treated group showed much more decrease in the MDA level and There was a significant increase in GSH level in Ashwagandha treated group. Conclusion : Ashwagandha possesses promising stress-induced gastric ulcers healing activity. It improved stomach function, gastric pH, acid secretion, and reduced mucosal hemorrhagic lesions with restoration of the architecture of the mucosal layer in rats by its antioxidant activity, suppressing the inflammatory cascade, promotion of gastric barrier repair and inhibiting TGF-β/SMAD4 pathway.
{"title":"Ashwagandha Seeds Extract Supplementation Afford Comparable Therapeutic Effect to Proton Pump Inhibitors in Stress induced Gastric Ulcer in rats","authors":"Mai Adawi Mohamed Abd Elgawad, Karima El-Sayed Ahmed, Amaal Nabil Sadek Elsayed, Wael Ahmed Maher Abdou Hassan, B. Dessouki, Sally Mohamed Abdelmonem","doi":"10.21608/besps.2024.277260.1164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2024.277260.1164","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Gastric ulcer (GU) is the most common disease with a prevalence of 20 – 60 per 100,000 population and accounts for 5 – 10% mortality worldwide. Along term occurrence with GU has maximum risk of stomach cancer. Ashwagandha can be used in herbal medicine for treatment of stress, headache, muscle pains and convulsions. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are drugs widely prescribed for many patients to treat gastrointestinal disorders, such gastro-esophageal reflux, and peptic ulcer. Aim : To investigate whether ashwagandha and/or PPIs could protect against stress induced gastric ulcer and if this protection is mediated the synthesis and release of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Material and Methods : Thirty adult male rats were randomized, into 5 groups/6 rats each Stress gastric ulcer was induced, both Ashwagandha and PPI were administrated orally for 15 days after induction of GU. Withdrawal of blood samples for chemical and spectral assay of antioxidant markers were done. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of TGF-β and TNF - α were done. Results: Both ashwagandha treated group and PPI treated group showed significant decrease in MDA level. The combined treated group showed much more decrease in the MDA level and There was a significant increase in GSH level in Ashwagandha treated group. Conclusion : Ashwagandha possesses promising stress-induced gastric ulcers healing activity. It improved stomach function, gastric pH, acid secretion, and reduced mucosal hemorrhagic lesions with restoration of the architecture of the mucosal layer in rats by its antioxidant activity, suppressing the inflammatory cascade, promotion of gastric barrier repair and inhibiting TGF-β/SMAD4 pathway.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141695651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2024.279336.1166
L. A. Mohammed, Ahmed Medhat Hegazy, W. E. El gazzar, N. El-shaer, Heba Bayoumi, Salwa A. Elgendy, Heba A. Elnoury, H. E. Nasr
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which affects millions of individuals, has become a serious health problem.The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) hyperactivation is a negatively involved autophagy that may in fact aid in the loss of β -cell function.Resveratrol (RSV) is a naturally occurring phytoalexin, mostly found incereals, fruits
{"title":"Ameliorative effect of resveratrol against type 2 diabetes in rats through triggering of autophagy and inhibition of mTOR pathway.","authors":"L. A. Mohammed, Ahmed Medhat Hegazy, W. E. El gazzar, N. El-shaer, Heba Bayoumi, Salwa A. Elgendy, Heba A. Elnoury, H. E. Nasr","doi":"10.21608/besps.2024.279336.1166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2024.279336.1166","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which affects millions of individuals, has become a serious health problem.The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) hyperactivation is a negatively involved autophagy that may in fact aid in the loss of β -cell function.Resveratrol (RSV) is a naturally occurring phytoalexin, mostly found incereals, fruits","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"67 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141711114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2023.247742.1158
Ahmed Almeldin, Reham Younis, Rowida Ibrahim, S. Motawea, Mai Mwafy, Haidy Khattab
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapy medication that is used to treat different types of cancers. Propolis is commonly used as a hepatoprotective agent against oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the possible protective role of the Egyptian propolis extract (EPE) against DOX-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. The study was carried out on forty male adult albino rats divided into four groups (control group): received normal saline by oral gavage daily for 28, (EPE group): received EPE (200 mg /kg) daily by oral gavage for 28 days. (DOX group): rats were injected once with DOX (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on the 24th day (EPE treated DOX group): received EPE (200 mg /kg) daily by oral gavage for 28 days and injected with DOX 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally on the 24th day. Our results revealed that liver enzymes, MDA, TNFα, interleukin -1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 and caspase-3 were significantly increased in DOX group compared with control, while EPE treated DOX group showed significant decrease. Catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased in DOX group compared with control while EPE treated DOX group showed significant increase. Moreover, gene expression of TNF α, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF-2), heme oxygenase -1 (HO-1) have been elevated significantly in DOX group when compared with control and their mRNA levels have been downregulated significantly by EPE treatment while EPE treatment has upregulated gene expression of BCL-2. Conclusion: our results raised the idea that EPE protecting the liver from DOX-related oxidative and apoptotic effects.
{"title":"Egyptian Propolis Extract Attenuates Hepatotoxicity Induced by Doxorubicin via Increasing Antioxidant Defense and Decreasing Inflammatory and Apoptotic Markers: Targeting Nrf2 and Bcl-2","authors":"Ahmed Almeldin, Reham Younis, Rowida Ibrahim, S. Motawea, Mai Mwafy, Haidy Khattab","doi":"10.21608/besps.2023.247742.1158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2023.247742.1158","url":null,"abstract":"Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapy medication that is used to treat different types of cancers. Propolis is commonly used as a hepatoprotective agent against oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the possible protective role of the Egyptian propolis extract (EPE) against DOX-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. The study was carried out on forty male adult albino rats divided into four groups (control group): received normal saline by oral gavage daily for 28, (EPE group): received EPE (200 mg /kg) daily by oral gavage for 28 days. (DOX group): rats were injected once with DOX (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on the 24th day (EPE treated DOX group): received EPE (200 mg /kg) daily by oral gavage for 28 days and injected with DOX 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally on the 24th day. Our results revealed that liver enzymes, MDA, TNFα, interleukin -1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 and caspase-3 were significantly increased in DOX group compared with control, while EPE treated DOX group showed significant decrease. Catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased in DOX group compared with control while EPE treated DOX group showed significant increase. Moreover, gene expression of TNF α, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF-2), heme oxygenase -1 (HO-1) have been elevated significantly in DOX group when compared with control and their mRNA levels have been downregulated significantly by EPE treatment while EPE treatment has upregulated gene expression of BCL-2. Conclusion: our results raised the idea that EPE protecting the liver from DOX-related oxidative and apoptotic effects.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"309 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140779535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2024.277230.1165
Marwa Muhammad, Nashwa Ahmed, N. El-shaer
Background: Aging-associated cognitive impairments become a global phenomenon, especially with the increase in life expectancy and sedentary lifestyle. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the cognitive functions in aged rats and explore the potential involvement of the endogenous exercise-induced myokine irisin in such an effect. Lastly, it was to identify the possible irisin downstream adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway to restore hippocampal redox and eNOS/NO/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) homeostasis. Materials and Method: Three groups of rats were conducted; young (3-month-old), non-trained aged (20-month-old), and exercise (EX)-aged group performing swimming EX 1h/day/5 days /week for 8 weeks. Results: Our findings revealed aging was associated with impaired cognitive parameters, increased total oxidant status (TOS) with a reduction in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), eNOS/NOx, and BDNF in the aged group versus the young. Such changes were improved by EX-induced upraised PGC1α/ FNDC5/irisin/AMPK pathway. The increased irisin is positively correlated with the hippocampal TAC, eNOS, NOx, BDNF, and AMPK levels, while negatively correlated with TOS. Conclusion: Bolstering irisin/AMPK levels via training would be an approach to prevent or delay an aging-associated cognitive decline or its progression.
背景：随着预期寿命的延长和久坐不动的生活方式，与衰老相关的认知障碍已成为一种全球性现象。因此，本研究旨在评估老龄大鼠的认知功能，并探讨内源性运动诱导肌动素鸢尾素可能参与了这种影响。最后，本研究还旨在确定鸢尾素下游单磷酸腺苷激活蛋白激酶（AMPK）信号通路对恢复海马氧化还原和 eNOS/NO/ 脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）平衡的可能作用。材料与方法：三组大鼠：幼年组（3个月大）、未接受训练的老年组（20个月大）和接受游泳EX训练的运动（EX）老年组，每天1小时，每周5天，共8周。结果：我们的研究结果表明，老年组与年轻组相比，认知参数受损，总氧化状态（TOS）增加，总抗氧化能力（TAC）、eNOS/NOx 和 BDNF 下降。这些变化通过 EX 诱导的 PGC1α/ FNDC5/ 虹膜素/AMPK 途径的增加而得到改善。鸢尾素的增加与海马 TAC、eNOS、NOx、BDNF 和 AMPK 水平呈正相关，而与 TOS 呈负相关。结论通过训练提高鸢尾素/AMPK 水平是预防或延缓与衰老相关的认知能力衰退或其进展的一种方法。
{"title":"Exercise rescues cognitive deterioration in naturally aged rats via PGC1α/FNDC5/irisin/AMPK signaling pathway to restore redox, endothelial, and neuronal homeostasis","authors":"Marwa Muhammad, Nashwa Ahmed, N. El-shaer","doi":"10.21608/besps.2024.277230.1165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2024.277230.1165","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aging-associated cognitive impairments become a global phenomenon, especially with the increase in life expectancy and sedentary lifestyle. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the cognitive functions in aged rats and explore the potential involvement of the endogenous exercise-induced myokine irisin in such an effect. Lastly, it was to identify the possible irisin downstream adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway to restore hippocampal redox and eNOS/NO/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) homeostasis. Materials and Method: Three groups of rats were conducted; young (3-month-old), non-trained aged (20-month-old), and exercise (EX)-aged group performing swimming EX 1h/day/5 days /week for 8 weeks. Results: Our findings revealed aging was associated with impaired cognitive parameters, increased total oxidant status (TOS) with a reduction in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), eNOS/NOx, and BDNF in the aged group versus the young. Such changes were improved by EX-induced upraised PGC1α/ FNDC5/irisin/AMPK pathway. The increased irisin is positively correlated with the hippocampal TAC, eNOS, NOx, BDNF, and AMPK levels, while negatively correlated with TOS. Conclusion: Bolstering irisin/AMPK levels via training would be an approach to prevent or delay an aging-associated cognitive decline or its progression.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140777365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2024.256207.1160
Eman Kolieb, R. El-Shaer, S. A. Maher, Dina A Ali, Amal M. A. Hammada, M. Awad
Ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) in the kidney is a common cause of acute-kidney-injury. Our aim is to compare the effects of Xanthenone /Irisin on alleviating inflammation, cell apoptosis and oxidative stress injury in kidney ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) via modulating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS and TLR4-NFkB pathways. Thirty two male rats were equally divided into groups: Control, Ischemic reperfusion (IR), IR treated with (i.v) Xanthenone (10mg/kg), IR treated with (i.p) Irisin (100 µg/kg).Renal functions, blood pressure, renal tissue Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7), inflammatory, oxidative stress and apoptotic markers were evaluated. Also, PI3K/AKT/eNOS and TLR-4 relative mRNA levels in renal tissue were assessed. Also, the protein concentration of pAKT, eNOS, histomorphological, and immunohistochemical analysis were done. In IR group, renal function tests, blood pressure, and apoptotic parameters were elevated. ACE2 and Ang (1-7) tissue levels, relative gene expression of PI3K/AKT/eNOS and TLR-4, the protein concentration of pAKT and eNOS, histomorphological and immunohistochemical analysis of NFkB in renal tissue were all distorted in IR group. However, Xanthenone and Irisin treatments improved renal function, inflammation, and oxidative stress through PI3K/AKT/eNOS and TLR-4/ NFĸB pathway. Moreover, Xanthenone acts through ACE2/Ang (1-7) pathway, while Irisin acts mainly through PI3K/AKT/eNOS and TLR4/NFkB pathway. This may increase the potential for therapeutic interventions for IRI in the kidney, with a focus on investigating their clinical efficacy.
{"title":"Effect of Xanthenone Versus Irisin in Alleviating Renal Ischemic Reperfusion Injury through Modifying the PI3K/AKT/eNOS and TLR-4/NFkB Pathways","authors":"Eman Kolieb, R. El-Shaer, S. A. Maher, Dina A Ali, Amal M. A. Hammada, M. Awad","doi":"10.21608/besps.2024.256207.1160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2024.256207.1160","url":null,"abstract":"Ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) in the kidney is a common cause of acute-kidney-injury. Our aim is to compare the effects of Xanthenone /Irisin on alleviating inflammation, cell apoptosis and oxidative stress injury in kidney ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI) via modulating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS and TLR4-NFkB pathways. Thirty two male rats were equally divided into groups: Control, Ischemic reperfusion (IR), IR treated with (i.v) Xanthenone (10mg/kg), IR treated with (i.p) Irisin (100 µg/kg).Renal functions, blood pressure, renal tissue Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7), inflammatory, oxidative stress and apoptotic markers were evaluated. Also, PI3K/AKT/eNOS and TLR-4 relative mRNA levels in renal tissue were assessed. Also, the protein concentration of pAKT, eNOS, histomorphological, and immunohistochemical analysis were done. In IR group, renal function tests, blood pressure, and apoptotic parameters were elevated. ACE2 and Ang (1-7) tissue levels, relative gene expression of PI3K/AKT/eNOS and TLR-4, the protein concentration of pAKT and eNOS, histomorphological and immunohistochemical analysis of NFkB in renal tissue were all distorted in IR group. However, Xanthenone and Irisin treatments improved renal function, inflammation, and oxidative stress through PI3K/AKT/eNOS and TLR-4/ NFĸB pathway. Moreover, Xanthenone acts through ACE2/Ang (1-7) pathway, while Irisin acts mainly through PI3K/AKT/eNOS and TLR4/NFkB pathway. This may increase the potential for therapeutic interventions for IRI in the kidney, with a focus on investigating their clinical efficacy.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"46 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140771009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2023.243730.1157
Hanan Abdallah, Rehab El-Gohary, Haidy Khattab, Eman Farghal, Maram Ghabrial, Al shimaa Abo alsoud, Ahmed Hashad
This work was conducted to assess the effects of quercetin and exercise on depressive-like behavior. Fifty Albino rats were categorized into five groups, Control group (saline + vehicle) for 10 days , Depression group : lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was intraperitoneally (IP) injected (0.5 mg/kg/day) for 10 days, Depression group treated by quercetin : LPS was IP injected (0.5 mg/kg/ day) then intragastric injection of quercetin (40 mg/kg/day) for another 10 days, Depression group treated by exercise : LPS was IP injected (0.5 mg/kg/day) then rats was treated with treadmill exercise for another 10 days, and Depression group treated by quercetin and exercise : LPS was injected, then quercetin was administered in addition to treadmill exercise. At the end of the experiment, behavioural changes were examined. H 2 O 2 , MDA, GSH, IL-1β, TNF-α, caspase-3, and brain neurotransmitters such as serotonin and BDNF were assessed, and PINK1 and Parkin mRNA levels were assessed. A histopathological assessment of the hippocampus was performed. LPS elicited behavioral impairments and substantially augmented H 2 O 2 , MDA, IL-1β, TNF-α, caspase-3, PINK1 and Parkin levels, with considerably reduced serotonin, BDNF and GSH levels. Meantime , quercetin and exercise effectively suppressed LPS-induced cognitive impairment and attenuated H 2 O 2 , MDA, IL-1β, TNF-α, caspase-3, PINK1 and Parkin levels, and enhanced serotonin, BDNF and glutathione levels, with greater impact reported in the combination group. Our findings suggest that quercetin combined with treadmill exercise can relieve LPS-induced depression-related behavior via modulation of redox status
本研究旨在评估槲皮素和运动对抑郁样行为的影响。将 50 只白化大鼠分为 5 组：对照组（生理盐水+载体），为期 10 天；抑郁组：腹腔注射脂多糖（LPS）（0.5 毫克/千克/天），为期 10 天；槲皮素治疗抑郁组：腹腔注射 LPS（0.5毫克/千克/天），然后胃内注射槲皮素（40毫克/千克/天），再持续10天；运动治疗抑郁组：IP注射LPS（0.5毫克/千克/天），然后大鼠在跑步机上运动，再持续10天；槲皮素和运动治疗抑郁组：注射LPS，然后在跑步机上运动的同时注射槲皮素。实验结束后，检测行为变化。评估了H 2 O 2、MDA、GSH、IL-1β、TNF-α、caspase-3和脑神经递质，如血清素和BDNF，并评估了PINK1和Parkin mRNA水平。对海马进行了组织病理学评估。LPS 引起了行为障碍，并显著增加了 H 2 O 2、MDA、IL-1β、TNF-α、caspase-3、PINK1 和 Parkin 的水平，同时大大降低了血清素、BDNF 和 GSH 的水平。同时，槲皮素和运动能有效抑制LPS诱导的认知障碍，降低H 2 O 2、MDA、IL-1β、TNF-α、caspase-3、PINK1和Parkin水平，提高血清素、BDNF和谷胱甘肽水平，其中联合组的影响更大。我们的研究结果表明，槲皮素与跑步机运动相结合可通过调节氧化还原状态缓解LPS诱导的抑郁相关行为。
{"title":"Potential Synergestic effect of quercetin and exercise on depressive like behavior in male albino rats: Targeting oxidative stress, inflammation, neural apoptosis and Mitophagy.","authors":"Hanan Abdallah, Rehab El-Gohary, Haidy Khattab, Eman Farghal, Maram Ghabrial, Al shimaa Abo alsoud, Ahmed Hashad","doi":"10.21608/besps.2023.243730.1157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2023.243730.1157","url":null,"abstract":"This work was conducted to assess the effects of quercetin and exercise on depressive-like behavior. Fifty Albino rats were categorized into five groups, Control group (saline + vehicle) for 10 days , Depression group : lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was intraperitoneally (IP) injected (0.5 mg/kg/day) for 10 days, Depression group treated by quercetin : LPS was IP injected (0.5 mg/kg/ day) then intragastric injection of quercetin (40 mg/kg/day) for another 10 days, Depression group treated by exercise : LPS was IP injected (0.5 mg/kg/day) then rats was treated with treadmill exercise for another 10 days, and Depression group treated by quercetin and exercise : LPS was injected, then quercetin was administered in addition to treadmill exercise. At the end of the experiment, behavioural changes were examined. H 2 O 2 , MDA, GSH, IL-1β, TNF-α, caspase-3, and brain neurotransmitters such as serotonin and BDNF were assessed, and PINK1 and Parkin mRNA levels were assessed. A histopathological assessment of the hippocampus was performed. LPS elicited behavioral impairments and substantially augmented H 2 O 2 , MDA, IL-1β, TNF-α, caspase-3, PINK1 and Parkin levels, with considerably reduced serotonin, BDNF and GSH levels. Meantime , quercetin and exercise effectively suppressed LPS-induced cognitive impairment and attenuated H 2 O 2 , MDA, IL-1β, TNF-α, caspase-3, PINK1 and Parkin levels, and enhanced serotonin, BDNF and glutathione levels, with greater impact reported in the combination group. Our findings suggest that quercetin combined with treadmill exercise can relieve LPS-induced depression-related behavior via modulation of redox status","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"679 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140773068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2023.237018.1151
M. Aboonq
Objectives : This research paper aims to clarify and analyse the various risk factors contributing to the occurrence of stroke in a specific population. Material and methods : This study employed a cross-sectional analysis of the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) dataset. The BRFSS is an annual telephone-based survey system designed to gather information about behavioural risk factors among adults across the United States. The dataset used in this study consisted of 70,692 observations obtained from the 2015 BRFSS. It included information on 21 potential risk factors and a binary outcome variable indicating the presence or absence of a stroke. The data analysis was conducted using Google Colab, a cloud-based platform that supports the programming language Python and its libraries. Results : The logistic regression analysis revealed that the strongest associations with stroke were observed for heart disease or heart attack (p <0.001), high blood pressure (p < 0.001), high cholesterol (p < 0.001) and difficulties in walking (p < 0.001). Other risk factors that showed significant associations with stroke were diabetes, smoking, fruit consumption, vegetable consumption, general health perception, mental health, physical health, age, education and income. It is important to note that some risk factors, including cholesterol check, physical activity, access to healthcare and absence of doctor visits, did not exhibit statistically significant associations with stroke. Conclusion : The findings revealed that heart disease or heart attack, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and difficulties in walking exhibited the strongest associations with stroke.
{"title":"Potential Role of Logistic Regression Analysis to Identify Significant Risk Factors Associated with Stroke","authors":"M. Aboonq","doi":"10.21608/besps.2023.237018.1151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2023.237018.1151","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives : This research paper aims to clarify and analyse the various risk factors contributing to the occurrence of stroke in a specific population. Material and methods : This study employed a cross-sectional analysis of the 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) dataset. The BRFSS is an annual telephone-based survey system designed to gather information about behavioural risk factors among adults across the United States. The dataset used in this study consisted of 70,692 observations obtained from the 2015 BRFSS. It included information on 21 potential risk factors and a binary outcome variable indicating the presence or absence of a stroke. The data analysis was conducted using Google Colab, a cloud-based platform that supports the programming language Python and its libraries. Results : The logistic regression analysis revealed that the strongest associations with stroke were observed for heart disease or heart attack (p <0.001), high blood pressure (p < 0.001), high cholesterol (p < 0.001) and difficulties in walking (p < 0.001). Other risk factors that showed significant associations with stroke were diabetes, smoking, fruit consumption, vegetable consumption, general health perception, mental health, physical health, age, education and income. It is important to note that some risk factors, including cholesterol check, physical activity, access to healthcare and absence of doctor visits, did not exhibit statistically significant associations with stroke. Conclusion : The findings revealed that heart disease or heart attack, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and difficulties in walking exhibited the strongest associations with stroke.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"123 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139538000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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