Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2024.290086.1168
Noha Hammad Sakr, A. A. Elmetwally, Emadeldeen Hamed, Sara Abubakr
Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, is the most significant microvascular complication of diabetes and poses a severe public health concern. Autophagy is a lysosomal process that degrades damaged proteins and organelles to preserve cellular homeostasis. The present study was designed to evaluate the nephroprotective effects of silymarin (SM) on the kidney of adult male diabetic rats. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats, weighing between 120 and 150 g were used and subdivided into four groups; control, control received silymarin, type II DM and type IIDM treated with silymarin. For all groups, the volume of urine was recorded, and the samples were analyzed to determine the 24-hour urine protein levels. blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture for further analysis of creatinine levels, renal oxidative stress markers malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity levels using ELISA kits. stained sections with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histopathological evaluation. Immunohistochemical staining for alpha smooth muscle actin, autophagy markers LC3 and P62 were done . Results: diabetic nephropathy was associated with significant proteinuria, increased serum creatinine, significant decrease in the levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX) and significant elevation in MDA. also, histological examination revealed damaged renal tubules, glomerular congestion, fibrosis, decreased autophagy but treatment with silymarin showed significant improvement in laboratory and histopathological features of the kidney.
{"title":"Targeting autophagy explaining therapeutic potential of silymarin against streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic nephropathy in a rat model: A histological and immunohistochemical study.","authors":"Noha Hammad Sakr, A. A. Elmetwally, Emadeldeen Hamed, Sara Abubakr","doi":"10.21608/besps.2024.290086.1168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2024.290086.1168","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, is the most significant microvascular complication of diabetes and poses a severe public health concern. Autophagy is a lysosomal process that degrades damaged proteins and organelles to preserve cellular homeostasis. The present study was designed to evaluate the nephroprotective effects of silymarin (SM) on the kidney of adult male diabetic rats. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats, weighing between 120 and 150 g were used and subdivided into four groups; control, control received silymarin, type II DM and type IIDM treated with silymarin. For all groups, the volume of urine was recorded, and the samples were analyzed to determine the 24-hour urine protein levels. blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture for further analysis of creatinine levels, renal oxidative stress markers malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity levels using ELISA kits. stained sections with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histopathological evaluation. Immunohistochemical staining for alpha smooth muscle actin, autophagy markers LC3 and P62 were done . Results: diabetic nephropathy was associated with significant proteinuria, increased serum creatinine, significant decrease in the levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPX) and significant elevation in MDA. also, histological examination revealed damaged renal tubules, glomerular congestion, fibrosis, decreased autophagy but treatment with silymarin showed significant improvement in laboratory and histopathological features of the kidney.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"80 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141691455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2024.268353.1163
Hanan abdellatief
Alzheimer disease (AD), the most prevalent neurological disorder, is typified by cerebral neuron decline. In its earliest phases, AD triggers short-term memory fails, while in its later phases, it leads to long-term memory problems, fluctuations in mood, and withdrawal from society in elderly people. One highly neurotoxic material that aids in the deterioration of nerve cells is aluminum. Neurofilamentous defects and metabolic changes can also be brought on by long-term exposure to aluminum in the cerebral cortex. The current study evaluated Y maze learning assessments, acetylcholinesterase (AchE), oxidative enzymes, in homogenates of the cerebral cortex as well as histopathological assessment of cortex in normal, induced group by AlCl 3 and treated by Asparagus sprengeri(A.sprengeri)and Lactobacillus plantarum(L.plantarum)extracts separately or in mixture.The use of either A.sprengerior L.plantarumextracts was shown to substantially enhance the mental abilities of the induced animals. It also increased levels of oxidative enzymes, such as SOD and GSH, and decreased MDA enzymes, as well as essential neurotransmitter AChE enzyme in homogenates of the cerebral cortex. These findings were further supported by improvements in histological examination. Additionally, the effects of mixed therapies are more comparable to those of solo treatment. This study offered an evidence in using A.sprengeri or L.plantarumseparately or together as herbal remedies to treat rats with aluminum chloride-induced Alzheimer's disease and improve cognitive function.
{"title":"In vivo evaluation of anti- Alzheimer impact of Asparagus sprengeri and Lactobacillus plantarum","authors":"Hanan abdellatief","doi":"10.21608/besps.2024.268353.1163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2024.268353.1163","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer disease (AD), the most prevalent neurological disorder, is typified by cerebral neuron decline. In its earliest phases, AD triggers short-term memory fails, while in its later phases, it leads to long-term memory problems, fluctuations in mood, and withdrawal from society in elderly people. One highly neurotoxic material that aids in the deterioration of nerve cells is aluminum. Neurofilamentous defects and metabolic changes can also be brought on by long-term exposure to aluminum in the cerebral cortex. The current study evaluated Y maze learning assessments, acetylcholinesterase (AchE), oxidative enzymes, in homogenates of the cerebral cortex as well as histopathological assessment of cortex in normal, induced group by AlCl 3 and treated by Asparagus sprengeri(A.sprengeri)and Lactobacillus plantarum(L.plantarum)extracts separately or in mixture.The use of either A.sprengerior L.plantarumextracts was shown to substantially enhance the mental abilities of the induced animals. It also increased levels of oxidative enzymes, such as SOD and GSH, and decreased MDA enzymes, as well as essential neurotransmitter AChE enzyme in homogenates of the cerebral cortex. These findings were further supported by improvements in histological examination. Additionally, the effects of mixed therapies are more comparable to those of solo treatment. This study offered an evidence in using A.sprengeri or L.plantarumseparately or together as herbal remedies to treat rats with aluminum chloride-induced Alzheimer's disease and improve cognitive function.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"15 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141700159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2024.277260.1164
Mai Adawi Mohamed Abd Elgawad, Karima El-Sayed Ahmed, Amaal Nabil Sadek Elsayed, Wael Ahmed Maher Abdou Hassan, B. Dessouki, Sally Mohamed Abdelmonem
Background : Gastric ulcer (GU) is the most common disease with a prevalence of 20 – 60 per 100,000 population and accounts for 5 – 10% mortality worldwide. Along term occurrence with GU has maximum risk of stomach cancer. Ashwagandha can be used in herbal medicine for treatment of stress, headache, muscle pains and convulsions. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are drugs widely prescribed for many patients to treat gastrointestinal disorders, such gastro-esophageal reflux, and peptic ulcer. Aim : To investigate whether ashwagandha and/or PPIs could protect against stress induced gastric ulcer and if this protection is mediated the synthesis and release of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Material and Methods : Thirty adult male rats were randomized, into 5 groups/6 rats each Stress gastric ulcer was induced, both Ashwagandha and PPI were administrated orally for 15 days after induction of GU. Withdrawal of blood samples for chemical and spectral assay of antioxidant markers were done. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of TGF-β and TNF - α were done. Results: Both ashwagandha treated group and PPI treated group showed significant decrease in MDA level. The combined treated group showed much more decrease in the MDA level and There was a significant increase in GSH level in Ashwagandha treated group. Conclusion : Ashwagandha possesses promising stress-induced gastric ulcers healing activity. It improved stomach function, gastric pH, acid secretion, and reduced mucosal hemorrhagic lesions with restoration of the architecture of the mucosal layer in rats by its antioxidant activity, suppressing the inflammatory cascade, promotion of gastric barrier repair and inhibiting TGF-β/SMAD4 pathway.
{"title":"Ashwagandha Seeds Extract Supplementation Afford Comparable Therapeutic Effect to Proton Pump Inhibitors in Stress induced Gastric Ulcer in rats","authors":"Mai Adawi Mohamed Abd Elgawad, Karima El-Sayed Ahmed, Amaal Nabil Sadek Elsayed, Wael Ahmed Maher Abdou Hassan, B. Dessouki, Sally Mohamed Abdelmonem","doi":"10.21608/besps.2024.277260.1164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2024.277260.1164","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Gastric ulcer (GU) is the most common disease with a prevalence of 20 – 60 per 100,000 population and accounts for 5 – 10% mortality worldwide. Along term occurrence with GU has maximum risk of stomach cancer. Ashwagandha can be used in herbal medicine for treatment of stress, headache, muscle pains and convulsions. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are drugs widely prescribed for many patients to treat gastrointestinal disorders, such gastro-esophageal reflux, and peptic ulcer. Aim : To investigate whether ashwagandha and/or PPIs could protect against stress induced gastric ulcer and if this protection is mediated the synthesis and release of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Material and Methods : Thirty adult male rats were randomized, into 5 groups/6 rats each Stress gastric ulcer was induced, both Ashwagandha and PPI were administrated orally for 15 days after induction of GU. Withdrawal of blood samples for chemical and spectral assay of antioxidant markers were done. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of TGF-β and TNF - α were done. Results: Both ashwagandha treated group and PPI treated group showed significant decrease in MDA level. The combined treated group showed much more decrease in the MDA level and There was a significant increase in GSH level in Ashwagandha treated group. Conclusion : Ashwagandha possesses promising stress-induced gastric ulcers healing activity. It improved stomach function, gastric pH, acid secretion, and reduced mucosal hemorrhagic lesions with restoration of the architecture of the mucosal layer in rats by its antioxidant activity, suppressing the inflammatory cascade, promotion of gastric barrier repair and inhibiting TGF-β/SMAD4 pathway.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141695651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2024.279336.1166
L. A. Mohammed, Ahmed Medhat Hegazy, W. E. El gazzar, N. El-shaer, Heba Bayoumi, Salwa A. Elgendy, Heba A. Elnoury, H. E. Nasr
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which affects millions of individuals, has become a serious health problem.The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) hyperactivation is a negatively involved autophagy that may in fact aid in the loss of β -cell function.Resveratrol (RSV) is a naturally occurring phytoalexin, mostly found incereals, fruits
{"title":"Ameliorative effect of resveratrol against type 2 diabetes in rats through triggering of autophagy and inhibition of mTOR pathway.","authors":"L. A. Mohammed, Ahmed Medhat Hegazy, W. E. El gazzar, N. El-shaer, Heba Bayoumi, Salwa A. Elgendy, Heba A. Elnoury, H. E. Nasr","doi":"10.21608/besps.2024.279336.1166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2024.279336.1166","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which affects millions of individuals, has become a serious health problem.The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) hyperactivation is a negatively involved autophagy that may in fact aid in the loss of β -cell function.Resveratrol (RSV) is a naturally occurring phytoalexin, mostly found incereals, fruits","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"67 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141711114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2023.247742.1158
Ahmed Almeldin, Reham Younis, Rowida Ibrahim, S. Motawea, Mai Mwafy, Haidy Khattab
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapy medication that is used to treat different types of cancers. Propolis is commonly used as a hepatoprotective agent against oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the possible protective role of the Egyptian propolis extract (EPE) against DOX-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. The study was carried out on forty male adult albino rats divided into four groups (control group): received normal saline by oral gavage daily for 28, (EPE group): received EPE (200 mg /kg) daily by oral gavage for 28 days. (DOX group): rats were injected once with DOX (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on the 24th day (EPE treated DOX group): received EPE (200 mg /kg) daily by oral gavage for 28 days and injected with DOX 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally on the 24th day. Our results revealed that liver enzymes, MDA, TNFα, interleukin -1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 and caspase-3 were significantly increased in DOX group compared with control, while EPE treated DOX group showed significant decrease. Catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased in DOX group compared with control while EPE treated DOX group showed significant increase. Moreover, gene expression of TNF α, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF-2), heme oxygenase -1 (HO-1) have been elevated significantly in DOX group when compared with control and their mRNA levels have been downregulated significantly by EPE treatment while EPE treatment has upregulated gene expression of BCL-2. Conclusion: our results raised the idea that EPE protecting the liver from DOX-related oxidative and apoptotic effects.
{"title":"Egyptian Propolis Extract Attenuates Hepatotoxicity Induced by Doxorubicin via Increasing Antioxidant Defense and Decreasing Inflammatory and Apoptotic Markers: Targeting Nrf2 and Bcl-2","authors":"Ahmed Almeldin, Reham Younis, Rowida Ibrahim, S. Motawea, Mai Mwafy, Haidy Khattab","doi":"10.21608/besps.2023.247742.1158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2023.247742.1158","url":null,"abstract":"Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapy medication that is used to treat different types of cancers. Propolis is commonly used as a hepatoprotective agent against oxidative stress. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the possible protective role of the Egyptian propolis extract (EPE) against DOX-induced hepatic toxicity in rats. The study was carried out on forty male adult albino rats divided into four groups (control group): received normal saline by oral gavage daily for 28, (EPE group): received EPE (200 mg /kg) daily by oral gavage for 28 days. (DOX group): rats were injected once with DOX (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on the 24th day (EPE treated DOX group): received EPE (200 mg /kg) daily by oral gavage for 28 days and injected with DOX 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally on the 24th day. Our results revealed that liver enzymes, MDA, TNFα, interleukin -1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 and caspase-3 were significantly increased in DOX group compared with control, while EPE treated DOX group showed significant decrease. Catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly decreased in DOX group compared with control while EPE treated DOX group showed significant increase. Moreover, gene expression of TNF α, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (NRF-2), heme oxygenase -1 (HO-1) have been elevated significantly in DOX group when compared with control and their mRNA levels have been downregulated significantly by EPE treatment while EPE treatment has upregulated gene expression of BCL-2. Conclusion: our results raised the idea that EPE protecting the liver from DOX-related oxidative and apoptotic effects.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"309 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140779535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2024.277230.1165
Marwa Muhammad, Nashwa Ahmed, N. El-shaer
Background: Aging-associated cognitive impairments become a global phenomenon, especially with the increase in life expectancy and sedentary lifestyle. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the cognitive functions in aged rats and explore the potential involvement of the endogenous exercise-induced myokine irisin in such an effect. Lastly, it was to identify the possible irisin downstream adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway to restore hippocampal redox and eNOS/NO/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) homeostasis. Materials and Method: Three groups of rats were conducted; young (3-month-old), non-trained aged (20-month-old), and exercise (EX)-aged group performing swimming EX 1h/day/5 days /week for 8 weeks. Results: Our findings revealed aging was associated with impaired cognitive parameters, increased total oxidant status (TOS) with a reduction in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), eNOS/NOx, and BDNF in the aged group versus the young. Such changes were improved by EX-induced upraised PGC1α/ FNDC5/irisin/AMPK pathway. The increased irisin is positively correlated with the hippocampal TAC, eNOS, NOx, BDNF, and AMPK levels, while negatively correlated with TOS. Conclusion: Bolstering irisin/AMPK levels via training would be an approach to prevent or delay an aging-associated cognitive decline or its progression.
背景：随着预期寿命的延长和久坐不动的生活方式，与衰老相关的认知障碍已成为一种全球性现象。因此，本研究旨在评估老龄大鼠的认知功能，并探讨内源性运动诱导肌动素鸢尾素可能参与了这种影响。最后，本研究还旨在确定鸢尾素下游单磷酸腺苷激活蛋白激酶（AMPK）信号通路对恢复海马氧化还原和 eNOS/NO/ 脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）平衡的可能作用。材料与方法：三组大鼠：幼年组（3个月大）、未接受训练的老年组（20个月大）和接受游泳EX训练的运动（EX）老年组，每天1小时，每周5天，共8周。结果：我们的研究结果表明，老年组与年轻组相比，认知参数受损，总氧化状态（TOS）增加，总抗氧化能力（TAC）、eNOS/NOx 和 BDNF 下降。这些变化通过 EX 诱导的 PGC1α/ FNDC5/ 虹膜素/AMPK 途径的增加而得到改善。鸢尾素的增加与海马 TAC、eNOS、NOx、BDNF 和 AMPK 水平呈正相关，而与 TOS 呈负相关。结论通过训练提高鸢尾素/AMPK 水平是预防或延缓与衰老相关的认知能力衰退或其进展的一种方法。
{"title":"Exercise rescues cognitive deterioration in naturally aged rats via PGC1α/FNDC5/irisin/AMPK signaling pathway to restore redox, endothelial, and neuronal homeostasis","authors":"Marwa Muhammad, Nashwa Ahmed, N. El-shaer","doi":"10.21608/besps.2024.277230.1165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2024.277230.1165","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aging-associated cognitive impairments become a global phenomenon, especially with the increase in life expectancy and sedentary lifestyle. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the cognitive functions in aged rats and explore the potential involvement of the endogenous exercise-induced myokine irisin in such an effect. Lastly, it was to identify the possible irisin downstream adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway to restore hippocampal redox and eNOS/NO/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) homeostasis. Materials and Method: Three groups of rats were conducted; young (3-month-old), non-trained aged (20-month-old), and exercise (EX)-aged group performing swimming EX 1h/day/5 days /week for 8 weeks. Results: Our findings revealed aging was associated with impaired cognitive parameters, increased total oxidant status (TOS) with a reduction in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), eNOS/NOx, and BDNF in the aged group versus the young. Such changes were improved by EX-induced upraised PGC1α/ FNDC5/irisin/AMPK pathway. The increased irisin is positively correlated with the hippocampal TAC, eNOS, NOx, BDNF, and AMPK levels, while negatively correlated with TOS. Conclusion: Bolstering irisin/AMPK levels via training would be an approach to prevent or delay an aging-associated cognitive decline or its progression.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140777365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2023.226616.1150
Hanan abdellatief
Background: The chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate (MTX) is administered for managing multiple kinds of cancer. Aim: To determine if bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) might protect rats against renal damage brought on by MTX. Materials and Methods : Rats were divided into five groups : (i) Control group received 2.5 ml saline. (ii) group received MTX as a single IP of 20 mg/Kg body weight. (iii) LEUK group: Benzene-induced leukemia group was injected intravenously every 2 days for 3 consecutive weeks by 0.2 ml benzene. (iv) LEUK/MTX group was injected intravenously every 2 days for 3 consecutive weeks by 0.2 ml benzene and treated by intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 mg/kg.bw/week MTX for 4 consecutive weeks. (v) (LEUK/ MTX/MSCs) group was injected intravenously every 2 days for 3 consecutive weeks by 0.2 ml benzene and treated by intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 mg/kg.bw/week MTX for 4 consecutive weeks. This group was also left for 8 days for kidney injury induction then injected intravenously with a single dose of 3x10 6 MSCs. After 4 weeks of MSCs transplantation. Kidney histopathology, Catalase and Superoxide dismutase activities as well as Capase-3 expression levels were examined. Results: Methotrexate induced marked pathological lesion which characterized by focal necrosis, cell infiltration and high immuno-expression ofTGF-β1 . Besides, treatment with MSCs successfully improved the severe effects of MTX on the kidney and restored histological architecture which confirmed by oxidative enzymes and apoptosis marker
{"title":"Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Methotrexate-Induced Renal Toxicity in leukemia Rats","authors":"Hanan abdellatief","doi":"10.21608/besps.2023.226616.1150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2023.226616.1150","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate (MTX) is administered for managing multiple kinds of cancer. Aim: To determine if bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) might protect rats against renal damage brought on by MTX. Materials and Methods : Rats were divided into five groups : (i) Control group received 2.5 ml saline. (ii) group received MTX as a single IP of 20 mg/Kg body weight. (iii) LEUK group: Benzene-induced leukemia group was injected intravenously every 2 days for 3 consecutive weeks by 0.2 ml benzene. (iv) LEUK/MTX group was injected intravenously every 2 days for 3 consecutive weeks by 0.2 ml benzene and treated by intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 mg/kg.bw/week MTX for 4 consecutive weeks. (v) (LEUK/ MTX/MSCs) group was injected intravenously every 2 days for 3 consecutive weeks by 0.2 ml benzene and treated by intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 mg/kg.bw/week MTX for 4 consecutive weeks. This group was also left for 8 days for kidney injury induction then injected intravenously with a single dose of 3x10 6 MSCs. After 4 weeks of MSCs transplantation. Kidney histopathology, Catalase and Superoxide dismutase activities as well as Capase-3 expression levels were examined. Results: Methotrexate induced marked pathological lesion which characterized by focal necrosis, cell infiltration and high immuno-expression ofTGF-β1 . Besides, treatment with MSCs successfully improved the severe effects of MTX on the kidney and restored histological architecture which confirmed by oxidative enzymes and apoptosis marker","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139540100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2023.243265.1156
islam elsamman, Zienab Abdallah, Hanaa Elserougy, Refka Messiha
Objective: assess possible role of melatonin and garlic in cisplatin-induced AKI in rats. Materials and methods: Forty adult male rats were divided into 5 groups. Group 1: control group. Group 2: cisplatin group (6 mg/kg) IP injection on the 8th day. Group 3: melatonin group (10 mg/kg/day) in saline orally for 12 days+ IP injection of cisplatin on the 8th day. Group 4: garlic group (500mg/kg/day) in saline orally for 12 days+ IP injection of cisplatin on the 8th day. Group 5: received same doses of melatonin and garlic in saline orally +IP injection of cisplatin on the 8th day. By the end of 12th day, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Renal tissue was examined for oxidative stress markers and caspase3. Results: Histopathology and caspase 3 expression revealed marked damage and marked expression of caspase 3 in group 2. The use of melatonin or garlic caused marked reduction of this damage and caspase 3 expression with the best outcome in combined group. Serum creatinine and urea showed a significant increase in group 2 compared to group 1. However, this elevation was significantly reduced by melatonin in group 3 and garlic in group 4 and best outcome in group 5. KIM-1 significantly increased with cisplatin and decreased with treated groups with best outcome in group 5. The oxidative stress showed a significant improvement in group 5 compared to group 2. Conclusion: Melatonin and garlic may protect against cisplatin induced AKI in rats with best outcome in combined group.
{"title":"Role of melatonin and garlic treatment in cisplatin induced acute kidney injury in in adult male rats","authors":"islam elsamman, Zienab Abdallah, Hanaa Elserougy, Refka Messiha","doi":"10.21608/besps.2023.243265.1156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2023.243265.1156","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: assess possible role of melatonin and garlic in cisplatin-induced AKI in rats. Materials and methods: Forty adult male rats were divided into 5 groups. Group 1: control group. Group 2: cisplatin group (6 mg/kg) IP injection on the 8th day. Group 3: melatonin group (10 mg/kg/day) in saline orally for 12 days+ IP injection of cisplatin on the 8th day. Group 4: garlic group (500mg/kg/day) in saline orally for 12 days+ IP injection of cisplatin on the 8th day. Group 5: received same doses of melatonin and garlic in saline orally +IP injection of cisplatin on the 8th day. By the end of 12th day, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Renal tissue was examined for oxidative stress markers and caspase3. Results: Histopathology and caspase 3 expression revealed marked damage and marked expression of caspase 3 in group 2. The use of melatonin or garlic caused marked reduction of this damage and caspase 3 expression with the best outcome in combined group. Serum creatinine and urea showed a significant increase in group 2 compared to group 1. However, this elevation was significantly reduced by melatonin in group 3 and garlic in group 4 and best outcome in group 5. KIM-1 significantly increased with cisplatin and decreased with treated groups with best outcome in group 5. The oxidative stress showed a significant improvement in group 5 compared to group 2. Conclusion: Melatonin and garlic may protect against cisplatin induced AKI in rats with best outcome in combined group.","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139540574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2023.238298.1152
Saeed Alqahtani
Objectives: To evaluate the quality of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) used in a summative assessment of a Central Nervous System (CNS) module at the Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University. Methods: Item analysis was conducted on a 70-item MCQ exam administered to 57 medical students after completing the CNS module. Various departments teach the module utilizing a systems-based curriculum. Item difficulty, discrimination, reliability, and standard error of measurement were analyzed. Results: Item difficulty ranged from 0.3 to 0.9 on the difficulty index for most items (moderate difficulty). Most items (62/70) appropriately discriminated between high-and low-scoring students. Reliability was very high (Kuder-Richardson 20 = 0.91). The standard error of measurement was 3.7. Analysis of validity evidence included evaluation of content validity through alignment of exam items with module learning objectives using a test blueprint, as well as analysis of internal structure validity supported by item difficulty and discrimination statistics. Discrimination indices above 0.2 indicate items distinguished well between students performing at the upper and lower score ranges. Feasibility of MCQs was evidenced by the resources required. Minimal training and no specialized equipment or longer administration/scoring times were needed compared to other assessment methods. MCQs were well-accepted by students and faculty involved in test development and implementation. Conclusion: Psychometric analysis of item and exam characteristics provides validity evidence that scores from this MCQ reasonably represent CNS module achievement. While not capturing higher-order skills, MCQs proved a feasible and effective summative assessment of this pre-clinical module when used within an integrated evaluation program. .
{"title":"Multiple choice questions as a tool for summative assessment in medical schools","authors":"Saeed Alqahtani","doi":"10.21608/besps.2023.238298.1152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2023.238298.1152","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To evaluate the quality of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) used in a summative assessment of a Central Nervous System (CNS) module at the Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University. Methods: Item analysis was conducted on a 70-item MCQ exam administered to 57 medical students after completing the CNS module. Various departments teach the module utilizing a systems-based curriculum. Item difficulty, discrimination, reliability, and standard error of measurement were analyzed. Results: Item difficulty ranged from 0.3 to 0.9 on the difficulty index for most items (moderate difficulty). Most items (62/70) appropriately discriminated between high-and low-scoring students. Reliability was very high (Kuder-Richardson 20 = 0.91). The standard error of measurement was 3.7. Analysis of validity evidence included evaluation of content validity through alignment of exam items with module learning objectives using a test blueprint, as well as analysis of internal structure validity supported by item difficulty and discrimination statistics. Discrimination indices above 0.2 indicate items distinguished well between students performing at the upper and lower score ranges. Feasibility of MCQs was evidenced by the resources required. Minimal training and no specialized equipment or longer administration/scoring times were needed compared to other assessment methods. MCQs were well-accepted by students and faculty involved in test development and implementation. Conclusion: Psychometric analysis of item and exam characteristics provides validity evidence that scores from this MCQ reasonably represent CNS module achievement. While not capturing higher-order skills, MCQs proved a feasible and effective summative assessment of this pre-clinical module when used within an integrated evaluation program. .","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139540062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.21608/besps.2023.224206.1148
Amany Mohamed, Mahmoud Abdel-Fadeil, Mohammed Ali, Rania Ahmed, Heba Iraqy
Background: Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a unique glycoprotein expressed in different tissues with several biological functions. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is a cell adhesion molecule, expressed from vascular endothelium, and is implicated in the process of tissue angiogenesis. Both Gal-3 and VCAM-1 are expressed normally in placental tissue to achieve successful trophoblastic invasion. Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a serious pregnancy-related complication, with a progressively rising incidence worldwide. Massive trophoblastic invasion is a major contributor to its pathogenesis, and its diagnosis prenatally depends solely on Doppler ultrasonography. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the possible predictive value of serum Gal-3 in the occurrence of PAS and to highlight the potential involvement of Gal-3, macrophage recruitment, and VCAM-1 in its pathogenesis. Methods: This longitudinal study included 62 pregnant women; divided into group N, comprising31 pregnant women with normal placenta, and group P, comprising 31 pregnant women with PAS. Results: placental Gal-3 increased from 2.597 ± 0.061 to 4.392 ± 0.181 ng/mg protein, placental VCAM-1 increased from 2.901 ± 0.096 to 41.911 ± 1.885 ng/mg protein, and placental macrophage count increased from 2.323 ± 0.106 to 11.174 ± 0.643 /10 HPF. Serum Gal-3 had a significant predictive value for PA with a cutoff value ≥ 8.012 ng/ml. Conclusion: The overexpression of placental Gal-3 and VCAM-1 can be regarded as important key players in the pathogenesis of PAS. Remarkably, the detection of high serum levels of Gal-3 as early as the second trimester can predict the occurrence of PAS .
{"title":"Galectin-3, a potential predictor and contributor of placenta accreta spectrum pathogenesis by inducing local vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression: A longitudinal study","authors":"Amany Mohamed, Mahmoud Abdel-Fadeil, Mohammed Ali, Rania Ahmed, Heba Iraqy","doi":"10.21608/besps.2023.224206.1148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/besps.2023.224206.1148","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a unique glycoprotein expressed in different tissues with several biological functions. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is a cell adhesion molecule, expressed from vascular endothelium, and is implicated in the process of tissue angiogenesis. Both Gal-3 and VCAM-1 are expressed normally in placental tissue to achieve successful trophoblastic invasion. Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a serious pregnancy-related complication, with a progressively rising incidence worldwide. Massive trophoblastic invasion is a major contributor to its pathogenesis, and its diagnosis prenatally depends solely on Doppler ultrasonography. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the possible predictive value of serum Gal-3 in the occurrence of PAS and to highlight the potential involvement of Gal-3, macrophage recruitment, and VCAM-1 in its pathogenesis. Methods: This longitudinal study included 62 pregnant women; divided into group N, comprising31 pregnant women with normal placenta, and group P, comprising 31 pregnant women with PAS. Results: placental Gal-3 increased from 2.597 ± 0.061 to 4.392 ± 0.181 ng/mg protein, placental VCAM-1 increased from 2.901 ± 0.096 to 41.911 ± 1.885 ng/mg protein, and placental macrophage count increased from 2.323 ± 0.106 to 11.174 ± 0.643 /10 HPF. Serum Gal-3 had a significant predictive value for PA with a cutoff value ≥ 8.012 ng/ml. Conclusion: The overexpression of placental Gal-3 and VCAM-1 can be regarded as important key players in the pathogenesis of PAS. Remarkably, the detection of high serum levels of Gal-3 as early as the second trimester can predict the occurrence of PAS .","PeriodicalId":9347,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Egyptian Society for Physiological Sciences","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135324141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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