印度北卡纳塔克邦非综合征性听力障碍的流行病学研究

Smita Hegde, Rajat Hegde, S. Kulkarni, Mohd. Shannawaz, Kusal K. Das, P. Gai, R. Bulagouda
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:在印度,听力损失是一个主要但经常被忽视的问题。印度有6300万人(6.3%)患有严重听力损失。目的:本研究首次研究了与印度北卡纳塔克邦非综合征性听力损失儿童相关的流行病学因素。材料和方法:本研究是在北卡纳塔克邦的公立和私立耳鼻喉医院以及聋哑儿童特殊学校进行的。共有638名1至18岁的听力损失儿童接受了筛查。638人中有270人因其他异常而被排除在研究之外,有些人还没有准备好参加研究。采用半结构化访谈进行数据收集。记录了所有需要的个人人口统计信息和耳部检查的医疗信息,包括检查史、耳镜检查、鼓室测量和纯音听力测量。年龄、性别、听力损失类型严重程度、家族史和亲属关系被认为是研究中的流行病学因素。结果:统计分析显示,两种性别的年龄差异无显著相关性,但男性儿童的失聪发生率高于女性儿童(63.9%比36.1%)。语前听力损失占94.6%,语后听力损失占5.4%。93.5%患儿为双侧耳聋,6.5%患儿为单侧耳聋。在本研究人群中,3.5%的儿童为轻度听力损失,7.3%为中度听力损失,2.7%为重度听力损失,86.4%为重度听力损失。83.2%的儿童有耳聋家族史。在我们的研究组中,亲缘关系与耳聋无显著相关性(P = 0.07)。结论:卡纳塔克邦北部人群听力损失发生率较高。在我们的研究组中,我们观察到:性别,教育程度低或缺乏怀孕意识,以及缺乏血缘知识。所以,人们需要更多地了解这些疾病,这只能通过研究或教育来实现。
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Epidemiological study on nonsyndromic hearing impairment: North Karnataka, India
BACKGROUND: In India, hearing loss is a major but often ignored problem. Sixty-three million individuals (6.3%) in India have severe hearing loss. OBJECTIVE: The present study is the first to examine epidemiological factors that are pertinent to children from North Karnataka, India, who have nonsyndromic hearing loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted by attending government and private ENT hospitals and special schools for deaf children in North Karnataka. A total of 638 children with hearing loss of age ranging from 1 to 18 years were screened. Two hundred and seventy out of 638 were excluded from the study because of other anomalies and some were not ready to participate in the study. A semistructured interview was followed for data collection. All the required personal demographic details and medical details of ear examination of inspection history, otoscopy, tympanometry, and pure-tone audiometry were noted. Age, gender, hearing loss type severity, family history, and consanguinity were considered epidemiological factors in the study. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant association of age difference between the two genders, but the majority of male children were deaf compared to female children (63.9% vs. 36.1%). Prelingual hearing loss was observed in 94.6% and postlingual hearing loss was in 5.4%. 93.5% of children had bilateral deafness and only 6.5% had unilateral deafness. In the present study population, 3.5% of children had mild, 7.3% had moderate, 2.7% had severe, and 86.4% had profound hearing loss. 83.2% of the children had a family history of deafness. There was no significant association of consanguinity to deafness in our study group (P = 0.07). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of hearing loss was high in the North Karnataka population. We observed the following in our research group: gender, poor education or lack of awareness of pregnancy, and lack of knowledge of consanguinity. so, People need to Know more about these disorders and this is only possible by the Research or education.
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