生育与信仰:宏大叙事的危险

IF 3.6 3区 哲学 0 RELIGION Religion Brain & Behavior Pub Date : 2022-02-15 DOI:10.1080/2153599X.2021.2023621
S. Walters, R. Sear
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引用次数: 1

摘要

菲利普斯·詹金斯(Philips Jenkins)制作了一本令人印象深刻的、内容广泛的书,涵盖了基督教、佛教、伊斯兰教、印度教、犹太教、几个历史时代和世界所有地区,从历史学、人类学、经济学、人口学和社会学等多个学科的角度进行了借鉴。詹金斯将人口转型——社会从高生育率、高死亡率的人口体制转向低生育率、低死亡率的人口体制——与个人主义、自由主义、性别平等以及由此产生的世俗化的兴起联系起来。他描述了可能出现的民主-宗教转变,其中“旧的”信仰社区(特别是在全球北方)将越来越多地超过具有更大宗教热情的高生育率社会(通常起源于全球南方),其中冲突可能会因宗教在调节社会和道德规范和期望方面的不同概念而产生。在他的结论中,他概述了面对全球人口变化,有组织的宗教需要如何适应以保持相关性和受欢迎程度。詹金斯的书将“人口革命”与“世界宗教变革”联系在一起,宏大的叙述有力而诱人。凭借他的全球视野和历史视野,他编织了一个有说服力的关于民主宗教景观的“潮汐转变”的描述,这具有巨大的潜在地缘政治影响。事实上,正是詹金斯宏大叙事的可信的无缝衔接及其潜在的后果,使得这本书不仅存在缺陷,而且具有潜在的危险。在我们的评论中,我们询问了詹金斯论证的三个核心要素。首先,我们考虑他的人口决定论,要求考虑他潜在的因果框架。其次,我们展示了詹金斯对多学科和国际历史的表面整理如何掩盖了对这些单独学科和历史进程的相当肤浅的参与。第三,我们考虑了詹金斯对语言和引用的使用如何展示了他的党派偏见,表明他的叙述既危险又具有煽动性,有可能为民粹主义和种族主义思想辩护。
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Fertility and faith: The danger of a grand narrative
Philips Jenkins has produced an impressive and wide-ranging book, covering Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, Judaism, several eras of history, and all regions of the world, from a perspective that borrows from multiple disciplines including history, anthropology, economics, demography, and sociology. Jenkins links the demographic transition—wherein societies shift from high-fertility, high-mortality demographic regimes, to low-fertility, low-mortality ones— with the rise of individualism, liberalism, gender equity, and resulting secularization. He describes the arising likely demo-religious shifts wherein “old” faith communities (especially in the global north) will increasingly be outnumbered by high-fertility societies of greater religious fervour (often originating in the global south), and wherein conflicts may arise over differing conceptions of religions’ role in regulating social and moral norms and expectations. In his conclusion, he outlines how organized religion needs to adapt to remain relevant and popular in the face of global demographic change. The grand narrative of Jenkins’ book—connecting “the demographic revolution” with the “transformation of world religions"—is powerful and seductive. With his global scope and historical reach, he weaves a persuasive account of the “tidal shift” in the demo-religious landscape, which has huge potential geopolitical implications. Indeed, it is the credible seamlessness of Jenkins’ grand narrative, together with its potential ramifications, which render this book not only flawed but also potentially dangerous. In our commentary, we interrogate three core elements of Jenkins’ argument. First, we consider his demographic determinism, calling to account his underlying causal framework. Second, we show how Jenkins’ apparent marshaling of multiple disciplines and international history, belies a rather superficial engagement with those individual disciplines and historical processes. Third, we consider how Jenkins’ use of language and references demonstrate his particular partisanship, showing how his narrative is both dangerous and incendiary, with the potential to defend populist and racist ideas.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.00
自引率
13.60%
发文量
93
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