土壤中砷和重金属的自然污染及其生物积累和潜在来源:希腊石灰华石灰岩采石场的案例

E. Kampouroglou, M. Economou-Eliopoulos
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引用次数: 12

摘要

通过对新第三系瓦尔纳瓦斯盆地石灰华灰岩、土壤及相应植物的首次矿物学和地球化学研究,发现该盆地具有明显的类金属砷富集。石灰岩中砷的总浓度在61 - 210 ppm之间,伴生土壤中砷的总浓度在33 - 430 ppm之间,变化很大。方解石是钙华灰岩中常见的自生矿物,形成细小均匀的泥晶聚集体,其As和Mg浓度低于能谱分析的检出限。碎屑矿物主要为石英(细粒和粗粒)、白云母、斜长石、伊利石、黄铁矿、方铅矿、砷化物、金红石、榍石、锆石、稀土矿物和钠长石。针铁矿和铁锰氧化物出现在方解石晶粒之间。在石灰华石灰岩中发现了类似有孔虫的微生物化石,这些化石与含水铁锰氧化物结合在一起,表明在盆地演化过程中可能存在海侵。植物枝条中砷含量为1.1 ~ 28ppm,根部中砷含量为0.8 ~ 114ppm。转运因子(即枝条中金属浓度与根系的比值)相对较低(平均0.33%),表明金属从根部向枝条的内部运输受到限制。生物积累因子,即植物中金属浓度与土壤中金属浓度的比值,表现出较低的(as、Fe、Cr、Ni和Pb为5.2-9.0%),较高的(Cu和Zn为56-67%)和极高的(Mo为160%)。铁和砷的转运因子之间的显著相关性可能证实了铁锰氧化物/氢氧化物是土壤中砷的主要吸附剂。由于石灰华石灰岩、土壤和植物中的砷污染,所提供的数据表明,不仅对希腊的这部分地区,而且对一般类似的沉积环境都存在潜在的环境风险。
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Natural contamination by As and heavy metals in soil, their bio-accumulation and potential sources: the case of a travertine limestone quarry, Greece
The first mineralogical and geochemical investigation of the travertine limestone, soil and corresponding plants associated with the Neogene basin of Varnavas, NE Attica, revealed a significant enrichment in the metalloid As. The total concentrations of As ranged from 61 to 210 ppm in limestone and 33 to 430 ppm in the associated soil demonstrating a wide variation of values. Calcite is a common authigenic mineral within travertine limestone, forming fine uniform micritic aggregates, having As and Mg concentrations lower than detection limits of EDS analysis. Clastic dominated minerals are quartz (both fine- and coarse-grained), muscovite, clinochlore, illite, pyrite, galena, arsenides, rutile, sphene, zircon, REE-minerals and albite. Goethite and Fe-Mn-oxides occur between calcite grains. The presence of fossilized micro organisms, resembling foraminifera, in travertine limestone combined with hydrous Fe-Mn-oxides, suggests a possible marine transgression during the evolution of the basin.The As content in plants ranges from 1.1 to 28 ppm As in shoots, and 0.8 to 114 ppm As in roots. The translocation factor, which is defined as the ratio of metal concentration in the shoots to the roots, is relatively low (average 0.33%) suggesting that the internal transport of metals from the roots to shoots was restricted. The bioaccumulation factor, which is defined as the ratio of metal concentration in the plants to that in soil, exhibits a wide range from relatively low (5.2–9.0% for As, Fe, Cr, Ni and Pb), much higher (56–67% for Cu and Zn) and exceptionally high (160% for Mo). A significant correlation between the translocation factors for Fe and As may confirm that Fe-Mn oxides/hydroxides represent the major sorbing agents for As in soils. The presented data, due to As contamination in travertine limestone, soil and plants, suggest a potential environmental risk not only for that part of Greece but in general for similar depositional environments.
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Central European Journal of Geosciences
Central European Journal of Geosciences GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
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