Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.34154/2021-EJCC-0018/EURAASS
C. Potter
Summer heat waves inNorthern California continue to break records for extreme temperatures and put vulnerable urban populations at increasing risk for adverse health impacts. An analysis of Landsat land surface temperature data was conductedin this study to better understandthe geography and demographics of extreme urban heat events in Santa Clara County and the city of San Jose, California. The influence of several urban cover features including streets/roadways, parcel sizes and densities, impervious surfaces, and irrigated shrub/lawn cover were determined for county-wide surface heat patterns in early August 2020. Results showed that the surface temperature of the largest impervious (high-asphalt) surface features was significantly higher, at a mean value of 45°C, than the majority of the other areas across the entire county. In contrast, urban tracts with even partial coverage by irrigated green lawns, shrubs, and small trees had notable cooling effects on summer surface temperatures. Social demographic and household population variables from the U. S. Census Bureau were correlated against satellite surface temperature by census tract to reveal significant associations of family structure and education levels with local neighbourhood heat conditions.
{"title":"Geography and Demographics of Extreme Urban Heat Events in Santa Clara County, California","authors":"C. Potter","doi":"10.34154/2021-EJCC-0018/EURAASS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34154/2021-EJCC-0018/EURAASS","url":null,"abstract":"Summer heat waves inNorthern California continue to break records for extreme temperatures and put vulnerable urban populations at increasing risk for adverse health impacts. An analysis of Landsat land surface temperature data was conductedin this study to better understandthe geography and demographics of extreme urban heat events in Santa Clara County and the city of San Jose, California. The influence of several urban cover features including streets/roadways, parcel sizes and densities, impervious surfaces, and irrigated shrub/lawn cover were determined for county-wide surface heat patterns in early August 2020. Results showed that the surface temperature of the largest impervious (high-asphalt) surface features was significantly higher, at a mean value of 45°C, than the majority of the other areas across the entire county. In contrast, urban tracts with even partial coverage by irrigated green lawns, shrubs, and small trees had notable cooling effects on summer surface temperatures. Social demographic and household population variables from the U. S. Census Bureau were correlated against satellite surface temperature by census tract to reveal significant associations of family structure and education levels with local neighbourhood heat conditions.","PeriodicalId":49092,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90589400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-10DOI: 10.34154/2021-EJCC-0019/EURAASS
Ozabor Famous, Wodu Douye, Pere-ere xxx, O. Emmanuel
This study assessed climate change in Warri, by looking at the evidence from archival records and the perception of the locals regarding same topic. The dangers of ‘not knowing’ about the phenomenon of climate change motivated this study. Also, the impacts of climate change have become rampant in the area. The inquiry was pursued using ex-post facto and survey research designs were used for the study and the Nigerian Meteorological Agency was consulted for rainfall and temperature data, while questionnaire was used to solicit information from respondents. Analyses were carried out using linear regressions. Established in the study is that, there is climate change in the area and its manifestations are in flooding, increased frequency of rainfall, poor crop yield etc. On the premise of findings, the study recommended proper climate education, harnessing ICT for mitigating climate change impacts and more inquiry into climate change milieu in the area by looking at the seasonality, onset and cessation of rains and other climate parameters.
{"title":"Climate Change Effects? Compelling Evidence from Data, Farmers and Artisans’ Perception in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria","authors":"Ozabor Famous, Wodu Douye, Pere-ere xxx, O. Emmanuel","doi":"10.34154/2021-EJCC-0019/EURAASS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34154/2021-EJCC-0019/EURAASS","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed climate change in Warri, by looking at the evidence from archival records and the perception of the locals regarding same topic. The dangers of ‘not knowing’ about the phenomenon of climate change motivated this study. Also, the impacts of climate change have become rampant in the area. The inquiry was pursued using ex-post facto and survey research designs were used for the study and the Nigerian Meteorological Agency was consulted for rainfall and temperature data, while questionnaire was used to solicit information from respondents. Analyses were carried out using linear regressions. Established in the study is that, there is climate change in the area and its manifestations are in flooding, increased frequency of rainfall, poor crop yield etc. On the premise of findings, the study recommended proper climate education, harnessing ICT for mitigating climate change impacts and more inquiry into climate change milieu in the area by looking at the seasonality, onset and cessation of rains and other climate parameters.","PeriodicalId":49092,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73296936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Atmospheric rivers are long, narrow, concentrated structures of water vapour that are highly associated with rainfall and floods. To identify and introduce the highest rainfall occurring during the presence of atmospheric rivers from November to April (2007-2018) while showing the importance of this phenomenon in creating super heavy rainfall and introducing the areas affected by it, analyzed the synoptic factors affecting them slowly. In order to identify atmospheric rivers, vertical integral data of water vapour flow were used and thresholds were documented on them. The date of occurrence of each atmospheric river with their daily rainfall was examined and ten of the highest rainfall events Station (equivalent to the 95th percentile of maximum rainfall) related to atmospheric rivers was introduced and analyzed. It is found that the South Gram has been directly and indirectly the main source of atmospheric rivers associated with heavy rainfall. The source of most of these atmospheric rivers is at the peak of the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and the Horn of Africa. Synonymously, the origins of 7 cases from Atmospheric rivers have been of the Sudanese low pressure and in the remaining three cases have been integrated systems. In Sudanese systems, the predominant structure of the meridional inclination jet and in Integration systems has been oriented. Due to the dominance of a strong upstream current in the vicinity of the highest flux, moisture of heavy convective currents has caused super heavy rainfall and the station with the highest rainfall in the east and North West of the negative omega field or upstream streams.
{"title":"Identification and Synoptic Analysis of the Highest Precipitation Linked to Ars in Iran","authors":"H. Lashkari, N. Esfandiari","doi":"10.29252/JSAEH.7.2.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29252/JSAEH.7.2.187","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric rivers are long, narrow, concentrated structures of water vapour that are highly associated with rainfall and floods. To identify and introduce the highest rainfall occurring during the presence of atmospheric rivers from November to April (2007-2018) while showing the importance of this phenomenon in creating super heavy rainfall and introducing the areas affected by it, analyzed the synoptic factors affecting them slowly. In order to identify atmospheric rivers, vertical integral data of water vapour flow were used and thresholds were documented on them. The date of occurrence of each atmospheric river with their daily rainfall was examined and ten of the highest rainfall events Station (equivalent to the 95th percentile of maximum rainfall) related to atmospheric rivers was introduced and analyzed. It is found that the South Gram has been directly and indirectly the main source of atmospheric rivers associated with heavy rainfall. The source of most of these atmospheric rivers is at the peak of the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and the Horn of Africa. Synonymously, the origins of 7 cases from Atmospheric rivers have been of the Sudanese low pressure and in the remaining three cases have been integrated systems. In Sudanese systems, the predominant structure of the meridional inclination jet and in Integration systems has been oriented. Due to the dominance of a strong upstream current in the vicinity of the highest flux, moisture of heavy convective currents has caused super heavy rainfall and the station with the highest rainfall in the east and North West of the negative omega field or upstream streams.","PeriodicalId":49092,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74771576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-24DOI: 10.34154/2020-ejgs-0201-1-18/euraass
M. Hussain, S. Islam, M. Deb
Sylhet Traps exposed along the southern margin of Shillong plateau, Northeast India are subalkaline tholeiitic basalts. The basalts are generally massive but occasionally contain large amygdules of zeolites and chalcedony. Microscopically, some basalts show porphyritic texture with olivine phenocrysts. Phenocryst assemblage of plagioclase ± clinopyroxene ± olivine implies crystallization at shallow level. SEM-EDX analysis shows occurrences of spinel with Ni and Cr within the basalts therefore indicating partial melting of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle as the possible source materials for the basalts. The multi-element plot for the basalts shows two distinct trends: one with significant enrichment of LILE and depletion of HFSE and plot similar to OIB (Type 1) while the other trends are chara cterized by slight enrichment of LILE and negative anomalies at Nb, P and Ti (Type 2). Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for Type 1 basalt shows very high enrichment of LREE and a strong right dip HREE pattern and also plots similar to typical OIB while Type 2 show a slight enrichment of LREE over HREE with small Eu anomaly. The geochemical signatures suggest crustal contamination by plume-derived magma produced by low degree of partial melting for Type 1 basalt. Type 2 basalt was produced by partial melting of subcontinental lithospheric mantle, which may be triggered by plume upwelling.
{"title":"Petrological and geochemical study of the Sylhet trap basalts, Shillong plateau, N.E. India: Implications for petrogenesis","authors":"M. Hussain, S. Islam, M. Deb","doi":"10.34154/2020-ejgs-0201-1-18/euraass","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34154/2020-ejgs-0201-1-18/euraass","url":null,"abstract":"Sylhet Traps exposed along the southern margin of Shillong plateau, Northeast India are subalkaline tholeiitic basalts. The basalts are generally massive but occasionally contain large amygdules of zeolites and chalcedony. Microscopically, some basalts show porphyritic texture with olivine phenocrysts. Phenocryst assemblage of plagioclase ± clinopyroxene ± olivine implies crystallization at shallow level. SEM-EDX analysis shows occurrences of spinel with Ni and Cr within the basalts therefore indicating partial melting of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle as the possible source materials for the basalts. The multi-element plot for the basalts shows two distinct trends: one with significant enrichment of LILE and depletion of HFSE and plot similar to OIB (Type 1) while the other trends are chara cterized by slight enrichment of LILE and negative anomalies at Nb, P and Ti (Type 2). Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for Type 1 basalt shows very high enrichment of LREE and a strong right dip HREE pattern and also plots similar to typical OIB while Type 2 show a slight enrichment of LREE over HREE with small Eu anomaly.\u0000The geochemical signatures suggest crustal contamination by plume-derived magma produced by low degree of partial melting for Type 1 basalt. Type 2 basalt was produced by partial melting of subcontinental lithospheric mantle, which may be triggered by plume upwelling.","PeriodicalId":49092,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81824703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-12DOI: 10.34154/2019-EJGS-0101-35-56/EURAASS
Fatematuz Zannat, A. Islam, M. A. Rahman
Bangladesh is one of the most climatic hazard-prone countries in the world. Rainfall in Bangladesh is highly variable which depends on each season and location. This study aims to investigate spatiotemporal variability of rainfall linked to groundwater level under changing climate in the northwestern region, Bangladesh during the period of 1976-2016 using rainfall and groundwater level data. A number of statistical approaches such as Mann-Kendall (MK) test, linear regression model, Sen’s slope estimator and Spearman’s rho (SK) test, Coefficient of Variation (CV) were employed to reveal trends and variability of rainfall and groundwater level. Additionally, wavelet transform was applied to assess temporal variability of rainfall time series in the northwestern region, Bangladesh. The results show that the annual rainfall variability was the highest in the Ishwardi station (25.39%) and the lowest was found in Rajshahi (20.70%). The MK test results reveal that the trends of annual and seasonal rainfall decreased gradually, where the highest significant decreasing trend of annual rainfall was found in Rajshahi (-2.976 mm/year) and the lowest decreasing trend was found in Syedpur (-1.278 mm/year). Furthermore, monsoon and winter seasons represent the decreasing trends of rainfall for all the stations. The results of wavelet analysis demonstrate that the monthly rainfall variance of average rainfall in the northwestern region was low from the period of 2006 to 2014, indicating the dry years. The annual and seasonal rainfall trends in the northwestern region were decreased, particularly in the recent decade. The relationship between rainfall and groundwater level indicates that rainfall was decreased and the ground water level was also declining at the same time in the study region. Interestingly, it is observed that a significant high decreasing trend of annual rainfall is found in Rangpur but the annual groundwater level depth is less increased in Rangpur at the same time.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal variability of rainfall linked to ground water level under changing climate in northwestern region, Bangladesh","authors":"Fatematuz Zannat, A. Islam, M. A. Rahman","doi":"10.34154/2019-EJGS-0101-35-56/EURAASS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34154/2019-EJGS-0101-35-56/EURAASS","url":null,"abstract":"Bangladesh is one of the most climatic hazard-prone countries in the world. Rainfall in Bangladesh is highly variable which depends on each season and location. This study aims to investigate spatiotemporal variability of rainfall linked to groundwater level under changing climate in the northwestern region, Bangladesh during the period of 1976-2016 using rainfall and groundwater level data. A number of statistical approaches such as Mann-Kendall (MK) test, linear regression model, Sen’s slope estimator and Spearman’s rho (SK) test, Coefficient of Variation (CV) were employed to reveal trends and variability of rainfall and groundwater level. Additionally, wavelet transform was applied to assess temporal variability of rainfall time series in the northwestern region, Bangladesh. The results show that the annual rainfall variability was the highest in the Ishwardi station (25.39%) and the lowest was found in Rajshahi (20.70%). The MK test results reveal that the trends of annual and seasonal rainfall decreased gradually, where the highest significant decreasing trend of annual rainfall was found in Rajshahi (-2.976 mm/year) and the lowest decreasing trend was found in Syedpur (-1.278 mm/year). Furthermore, monsoon and winter seasons represent the decreasing trends of rainfall for all the stations. The results of wavelet analysis demonstrate that the monthly rainfall variance of average rainfall in the northwestern region was low from the period of 2006 to 2014, indicating the dry years. The annual and seasonal rainfall trends in the northwestern region were decreased, particularly in the recent decade. The relationship between rainfall and groundwater level indicates that rainfall was decreased and the ground water level was also declining at the same time in the study region. Interestingly, it is observed that a significant high decreasing trend of annual rainfall is found in Rangpur but the annual groundwater level depth is less increased in Rangpur at the same time.","PeriodicalId":49092,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78821430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-12DOI: 10.34154/2019-EJGS-0101-02-18/EURAASS
Aminul Islam, M. A. Abdullah, M. Shalaby
DUN06 seismic survey was done in the northern part of the Great South Basin of New Zealand with a total of 3110km of high resolution 2D seismic data by Pacific Titan in 2006. This study focuses on 2D seismic interpretation using Petrel Software to interpret the horizons or geological boundaries of different formations based on the extracted well tops from Toroa well which was drilled in the area of interest. The primary objectives of this study are to deduce the structural and stratigraphic information as well as the trapping mechanism of petroleum system if any. Possible indications of the presence of hydrocarbon were also sorted out. There are seven horizons having age ranging from upper Cretaceous to Eocene. Also, approximately 160 faults were interpreted; with two different strike directions; northwest and northeast striking. Several time and depth structure maps were generated. Upon inspection of the facies on the cross section of the seismic images, they areassumed to be deltaic or river channel deposits. The whole structural deformation is classified as syn-rift and post-rift deformation. The latter is divided into first, second and third post rift event. The first two horizons marked the first post-rift event with transgression followed by a set of delta and river channel indicating regression and second post-rift event. The reservoir unit is determined to be PaleoceneDannevirkeTeurian formation and the Early Eocene Paleocene formation acts as the stratigraphic seal and trap for the reservoir unit.
{"title":"2D seismic interpretation of Dun06 projects, Great South Basin, New Zealand","authors":"Aminul Islam, M. A. Abdullah, M. Shalaby","doi":"10.34154/2019-EJGS-0101-02-18/EURAASS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34154/2019-EJGS-0101-02-18/EURAASS","url":null,"abstract":"DUN06 seismic survey was done in the northern part of the Great South Basin of New Zealand with a total of 3110km of high resolution 2D seismic data by Pacific Titan in 2006. This study focuses on 2D seismic interpretation using Petrel Software to interpret the horizons or geological boundaries of different formations based on the extracted well tops from Toroa well which was drilled in the area of interest. The primary objectives of this study are to deduce the structural and stratigraphic information as well as the trapping mechanism of petroleum system if any. Possible indications of the presence of hydrocarbon were also sorted out. There are seven horizons having age ranging from upper Cretaceous to Eocene. Also, approximately 160 faults were interpreted; with two different strike directions; northwest and northeast striking. Several time and depth structure maps were generated. Upon inspection of the facies on the cross section of the seismic images, they areassumed to be deltaic or river channel deposits. The whole structural deformation is classified as syn-rift and post-rift deformation. The latter is divided into first, second and third post rift event. The first two horizons marked the first post-rift event with transgression followed by a set of delta and river channel indicating regression and second post-rift event. The reservoir unit is determined to be PaleoceneDannevirkeTeurian formation and the Early Eocene Paleocene formation acts as the stratigraphic seal and trap for the reservoir unit.","PeriodicalId":49092,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79858144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-12DOI: 10.34154/2019-EJGS-0101-19-34/EURAASS
Nadereh Amerian, E. Shabani, R. Nikrouz
In this study, synthetic catalogs based on the Monte Carlo simulations have been produced for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA), in the Kermanshah region, West of Iran. Resultant seismic hazard zoning maps, hazard curves and three-dimensional deaggregation of seismic hazard are provided. In order to validate the estimated peak ground accelerations (PGAs), the deduced uniform hazard response spectra (UHRS) are compared with the recorded PGAs in some stations near to the large Mw 7.3 earthquake occurred in the western part of Iran near to Iraq border on 12 November 2017. Different ground motion prediction equations are tested and the results are compared.
{"title":"Comparing the best-estimate uniform hazard response spectra to the observed data from the Mw 7.3 earthquake on November 12, 2017 in the Kermanshah areas of western Iran","authors":"Nadereh Amerian, E. Shabani, R. Nikrouz","doi":"10.34154/2019-EJGS-0101-19-34/EURAASS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34154/2019-EJGS-0101-19-34/EURAASS","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, synthetic catalogs based on the Monte Carlo simulations have been produced for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA), in the Kermanshah region, West of Iran. Resultant seismic hazard zoning maps, hazard curves and three-dimensional deaggregation of seismic hazard are provided. In order to validate the estimated peak ground accelerations (PGAs), the deduced uniform hazard response spectra (UHRS) are compared with the recorded PGAs in some stations near to the large Mw 7.3 earthquake occurred in the western part of Iran near to Iraq border on 12 November 2017. Different ground motion prediction equations are tested and the results are compared.","PeriodicalId":49092,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90748160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-12DOI: 10.34154/2019-EJGS-0101-57-74/EURAASS
S. Qadri, Md. Aminul Islam, A. Raza, Nazia Hossain
A study was carried out to analyze the ground water samples from fifty sites within the urban settlements of Khushab city, Pakistan in order to to understand the distribution of contaminants and its impact on public health in the studied area. All the water samples were analysed using physico-chemical parameters : pH, Electric Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Ca+ , Mg+, Cl- and NO3-by using standard analytical methods. Salinity hazard was evaluated by using EC values inferred from the water samples. Water samples were classified on the basis of TDS and TH.Arc GIS software was used to plot the spatial distribution of contamination, concluded from the observed physico-chemical parameters throughout the study area. A door to door survey was also conducted to get the feedback from 100 people living in the houses, working in offices and shops to know the issues of water quality along with the level of satisfaction for the present water quality.Results showed that pH value ranging between 6.8 and 8.7, EC between 260 and 10290 S/cm, TDS between 179 and 9410 mg/l, Ca+2 between 1.2 and 11.8 mg/l, Mg+2 between 0.3 and 39.4 mg/l, TH between 6.23 and 216.86 mg/l, Cl- between 0.3 and 344.7 and NO3 between 12 and 62 mg/l. Results showed certain sites indicating poor water quality through deviation from WHO standard values of certain physico-chemical parameters. This showed that ground water at particular sites within the study area was unfit for drinking purpose and its prolonged utilization could cause serious health issues. More than 62% people reported their dissatisfaction regarding water quality and 80% agreed that water quality has drastically declined. Results were also correlated with the data collected from the Tehsil Headquarter Hospital which demonstrated that residents of Khushab city were suffering from the water borne diseases like Hepatitis, Cholera, Gastro, and Kidney stone etc. Almost 40,000 patients from Khushab city and the surrounding villages who suffered from water borne diseases visited the Tehsil Headquarter Hospital in the year 2014. It has been concluded from the study that the ground water of the study area has declined and needs proper and urgent attention from the government and water must be processed through state of the art purification treatment plants, before supplying to people for drinking and domestic purposes.
{"title":"Physico-Chemical Analysis, Classification of Ground Water, and Impact of Water Quality on the Health of People in Khushab City, Pakistan","authors":"S. Qadri, Md. Aminul Islam, A. Raza, Nazia Hossain","doi":"10.34154/2019-EJGS-0101-57-74/EURAASS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34154/2019-EJGS-0101-57-74/EURAASS","url":null,"abstract":"A study was carried out to analyze the ground water samples from fifty sites within the urban settlements of Khushab city, Pakistan in order to to understand the distribution of contaminants and its impact on public health in the studied area. All the water samples were analysed using physico-chemical parameters : pH, Electric Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Ca+ , Mg+, Cl- and NO3-by using standard analytical methods. Salinity hazard was evaluated by using EC values inferred from the water samples. Water samples were classified on the basis of TDS and TH.Arc GIS software was used to plot the spatial distribution of contamination, concluded from the observed physico-chemical parameters throughout the study area. A door to door survey was also conducted to get the feedback from 100 people living in the houses, working in offices and shops to know the issues of water quality along with the level of satisfaction for the present water quality.Results showed that pH value ranging between 6.8 and 8.7, EC between 260 and 10290 S/cm, TDS between 179 and 9410 mg/l, Ca+2 between 1.2 and 11.8 mg/l, Mg+2 between 0.3 and 39.4 mg/l, TH between 6.23 and 216.86 mg/l, Cl- between 0.3 and 344.7 and NO3 between 12 and 62 mg/l. Results showed certain sites indicating poor water quality through deviation from WHO standard values of certain physico-chemical parameters. This showed that ground water at particular sites within the study area was unfit for drinking purpose and its prolonged utilization could cause serious health issues. More than 62% people reported their dissatisfaction regarding water quality and 80% agreed that water quality has drastically declined. Results were also correlated with the data collected from the Tehsil Headquarter Hospital which demonstrated that residents of Khushab city were suffering from the water borne diseases like Hepatitis, Cholera, Gastro, and Kidney stone etc. Almost 40,000 patients from Khushab city and the surrounding villages who suffered from water borne diseases visited the Tehsil Headquarter Hospital in the year 2014. It has been concluded from the study that the ground water of the study area has declined and needs proper and urgent attention from the government and water must be processed through state of the art purification treatment plants, before supplying to people for drinking and domestic purposes.","PeriodicalId":49092,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90674231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-01DOI: 10.2478/s13533-012-0198-4
F. Stoppa, L. G. Gwalani
We have much pleasure in presenting this Special Issue of Central European Journal of Geosciences containing a collection of papers to celebrate the life and work of Professor Piero Comin-Chiaramonti – a reputed emeritus Italian scientist and scholar of carbonatites and alkaline rocks. The research themes cover many of the subjects which most interested him, especially processes related to geological causes that control the migration of fluids and their interference with the surrounding rocks. The increasing demand for precious metals and strategic elements from the global market has seen a focus from geoscientists around the globe on unravelling the development of maficultramafic and associated alkaline and carbonatitic rocks for their outstanding potential as exploration targets for these commodities. The exploration of new deposits and
{"title":"Mafic-ultramafic rocks and alkaline-carbonatitic magmatism and associated hydrothermal mineralization: A special issue (Part-I) dedicated to Piero Comin-Chiaramonti","authors":"F. Stoppa, L. G. Gwalani","doi":"10.2478/s13533-012-0198-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/s13533-012-0198-4","url":null,"abstract":"We have much pleasure in presenting this Special Issue of Central European Journal of Geosciences containing a collection of papers to celebrate the life and work of Professor Piero Comin-Chiaramonti – a reputed emeritus Italian scientist and scholar of carbonatites and alkaline rocks. The research themes cover many of the subjects which most interested him, especially processes related to geological causes that control the migration of fluids and their interference with the surrounding rocks. The increasing demand for precious metals and strategic elements from the global market has seen a focus from geoscientists around the globe on unravelling the development of maficultramafic and associated alkaline and carbonatitic rocks for their outstanding potential as exploration targets for these commodities. The exploration of new deposits and","PeriodicalId":49092,"journal":{"name":"Central European Journal of Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81484102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-01DOI: 10.2478/s13533-012-0193-9
T. Devaraju, K. Jayaraj, T. L. Sudhakara, T. Alapieti, B. Spiering, R. Kaukonen
The Channagiri Mafic-Ultramafic Complex occupies lowermost section of the Neoarchaean Shimoga supracrustal group in the Western Dharwar Craton. It is a segmented body occupying the interdomal troughs of granitoids. The magnetite deposits occur in the northeastern portion; typically occupying the interface zone between gabbro and anorthositic. Mineralogically, the deposits are simple with abundant magnetite and ilmenite. Hogbomite is a consistent minor mineral. Magnetites are typically vanadiferous (0.7–1.25% V2O5). Ilmenite consistently analyses more MgO and MnO than coexisting magnetite. Chlorite, almost the only silicate present; lies in the range of ripidolite, corundophilite and sheridanite. The chromiferous suit occupying eastern side of Hanumalapur block (HPB) contains Fe-Cr-oxide analysing 37.8–11.9% Cr2O3 and 40.5–80% FeOt. In these too, chlorite, typically chromiferous (0.6–1.2% Cr2O3), is the most dominant silicate mineral. Geochemistry of V-Ti-magnetite is dominated by Fe, Ti and V with Al, Si, Mg and Mn contributing most of the remaining. Cr, Ni, Zn, Co, Cu, Ga and Sc dominate trace element geochemistry. The Cr-magnetite is high in Cr2O3 and PGE. Two separate cycles of mafic magmatism are distinguished in the CMUC. The first phase of first cycle, viz., melagabbro-gabbro, emplaced in the southeastern portion, is devoid of magnetite deposits. The second phase, an evolved ferrogabbroic magma emplaced in differentiated pulses, occupying northeastern portion of the complex, consists of melagabbro→gabbro-anorthosite→V-Ti magnetite→ferrogabbro sequence. Increase in oxygen fugacity facilitated deposition of V-Ti magnetite from ferrogabbroic magma pulse emplaced in late stages. The second cycle of chromiferous PGE mineralized suite comprises fine-grained ultramafite→alternation of pyroxinite-picrite→Crmagnetite sequence formed from fractionation of ferropicritic magma. HPB also includes >65m thick sill-like dioritic phase at the base of the ferriferous suit and a sinuous band of coarse-grained ultramafite enclosed within the chromiferous suit; both unrelated to the two mafic magmatic cycles.
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