鄂尔多斯盆地海相页岩气首次成功——奥陶系乌拉里克组近期勘探突破述评

Suotang Fu, Sheng-li Xi, Jian Yu, Xifeng Hu, Yuan Liu, J. Zhang, Liang Cai, Shenzhuan Li, Xianran Zhao, Jinlong Wu, Hongzhi Guo
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引用次数: 0

摘要

鄂尔多斯盆地以其丰富的自然资源而闻名,包括三叠系致密油和二叠系致密气。最近的勘探突破表明,同一盆地的奥陶系页岩也很有前景。本研究的目的是捕捉标志着鄂尔多斯盆地海相页岩气首次生产的乌拉里克组两口水平井勘探的工程细节。鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系乌拉里克组曾被认为是烃源岩。在2010年代的早期勘探中,发现该地层含气。然而,乌拉里克页岩组与同一盆地三叠系湖相页岩和四川志留系海相页岩相比,表现出截然不同的特征。丰富的天然裂缝、较低的储层压力和产水倾向是乌拉里克页岩地层面临的独特挑战和关注的问题。在试验井评价的基础上,于2019-2020年在鄂尔多斯盆地西部不同位置的乌拉里克组钻完2口水平井。两口井均在目标区良好着陆,并进行了多级大规模压裂处理。完井后,反排和生产测试持续了3到5个月。生产测试表明,井1在长期自然流中达到了经济上可接受的产气量,产量为2万至6万标准立方米/天,井2在早期产气良好,但很快就被大量产水淹没。用生产测井工具对两口井进行了评价。在井1中,使用了光纤分布式声传感(DAS)和分布式温度传感(DTS),井2中使用了生产测井工具(PLT)。这两口井的正产气标志着鄂尔多斯盆地海相页岩气的首次生产。对地质和储层的了解、非常规压裂和完井作业的使用、注入注入流体的辅助以及处理后的人工举升等技术都有助于取得这一成功。为了降低乌拉里克岩产水风险,需要进一步研究天然裂缝的复杂性。乌拉里克组首次成功开采,对鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系勘探具有重要意义,确定了2000 ~ 3000 km2的有利勘探评价面积,具有巨大的储量潜力。从技术角度来看,该案例研究具有一定的价值,因为在中国或世界范围内,低压页岩气的成功案例很少。
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First Success of Marine Shale Gas in Ordos Basin: A Review of Recent Exploration Breakthrough in Ordovician Wulalike Formation
Ordos basin in central China is well known for its rich accumulation of natural resources, including Triassic tight oil and Permian tight gas. A recent exploration breakthrough shows that Ordovician shale in the same basin is also promising. The purpose of this study is to capture the engineering details of two horizontal exploration wells exploration in Wulalike formation, which mark the first production of marine shale gas in Ordos basin. The Ordovician Wulalike formation in the Ordos basin was previously seen as source rock. During early exploration in the 2010s, the formation was found to be gas bearing. However, the Wulalike shale formation shows very different features compared to the Triassic lacustrine shale in the same basin and the Silurian marine shale from Sichuan. The abundance of natural fissures, the low reservoir pressure, and the tendency to produce water are unique challenges and concerns for the Wulalike shale formation. Based on the pilot well evaluations, two horizontal wells were drilled and completed in the Wulalike formation in different locations in the western Ordos basin in 2019–2020. Both wells were well-landed in the target zone and were completed with multistage large-scale fracturing treatments. Following the well completions, flowback and production tests lasted for 3 to 5 months. Production tests showed that well 1 reached an economically acceptable gas rate in natural flow for a long-term period, producing 20,000 to 60,000 std m3/d, and well 2 produced good gas in the early period but was soon overwhelmed by massive water production. Both wells were evaluated with production logging tools. In well 1, fiber-optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) and distributed temperature sensing (DTS) were used, and in well 2, a production logging tool (PLT) was used. The positive gas production from both wells marks the first production of marine shale gas in the Ordos basin. The understanding of the geology and reservoir, the use of unconventional fracturing and completion practices, the assistance of energized fluid, and post-treatment artificial lift are the technologies that helped achieve this success. Further study is needed on the complexity of the natural fissures to lower the risk of unwanted water production from the Wulalike rocks. The first successful production from the Wulalike is very critical for the exploration of the Ordovician section in the Ordos basin because it helps to confirm a favorable exploration and appraisal area of 2000 to 3000 km2, which has the potential to turn into a huge reserve. This case study provides value from a technical standpoint, as very few success stories have been reported from low-pressure shale gas previously in China or worldwide.
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