Fadlili Munawwar Manshur, N. Herlina, Ahmad Nabil Atoillah
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摘要

在古典伊斯兰思想中,“神的宿命”(qada’wa’-qadar)与“人类的自由意志”(ikhtiyar)是争论最激烈的话题之一。本文通过关注一个对神学的哲学和神学至关重要的话题,批判性地分析了伊斯兰神学的两个著名学派——阿沙里派和穆塔齐利派——对这一话语的贡献。本文试图正确理解伊斯兰思想史和文化,论证了伊斯兰神学的两个学派对卡达瓦卡达尔和伊赫提亚问题的处理是创新的、有影响力的,而且从根本上比以前承认的更复杂。在自由意志与命运的问题上,研究结果表明,Mu 'tazilah和Ash 'ariyah在哲学、神学(kalam)和深奥(s fi)观点之间做出了妥协。考虑到kalam, falsafah和tasaww的主题和方法经常被认为是非常不同甚至是矛盾的,这种迁就的态度显然是例外的。
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Doktrin Predestinasi dan Determinisme: Antara Muktazilah dan Asy’ariyah
In classical Islamic thought, ‘divine predestination’ (qada’ wa’l-qadar) versus ‘human free will’ (ikhtiyar) is one of the most hotly contested topics. This article critically analyses the contribution made to this discourse by the two prominent schools of Islamic theology, the Asharites and the Mu’tazilites, by focusing on a topic that is crucial to the philosophy and theology of theology. This article seeks to properly understand Islamic intellectual history and culture by arguing that the treatment of the two schools of Islamic theology on the issue of qada’ wa’l-qadar and ikhtiyar is innovative, influential, and fundamentally more complex than previously acknowledged. On the subject of free will versus fate, the study’s findings indicate that the Mu’tazilah and Ash’ariyah have made compromises between philosophical, theological (kalam), and esoteric (sûfi) perspectives. Given that the subject matter and methodology of kalam, falsafah, and tasawwûf are frequently considered to be very different or even contradictory, this attitude of accommodation is plainly exceptional.
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