Pub Date : 2023-04-07DOI: 10.36667/tajdid.v29i2.799
Rohasib Maulana
Throughout the course of classical history, women were often discussed because of their discredited social status. The exoticism of women in the eyes of men is only limited to fulfilling biological needs, not having the value of social, economic, political, and educational authority both in the community and even in the family. The downturn was caused by the ignorance of pre-Islamic humans, before knowing the noble values of Muhammad's treatise on the existence of women. This study tries to explore the history of women's education in the Middle East and Indonesia in the early periods, starting from the discussion of pre-Islamic women until the beginning of Islam coming and developing which then raised the status of women to become noble figures. This study is a library research, in the form of a study of the history of Islamic education in the Middle East and Indonesia, from the religious aspect to the social aspect of education. The results showed that pre-Islamic women were objects of violence and humiliation by misogynists. Hegemonic is wholly owned by men. The existence of women is considered not exotic and even considered to be unlucky, so they should be ostracized to the point of murder. It was only after Islam came that women got equal rights and authority with men from the social, economic, educational and even political aspects, so since then women have also received extensive educational services.
{"title":"Pendidikan Perempuan: Kajian Historis Timur Tengah dan Indonesia pada Masa Awal Islam dan Pra Kemerdekaan","authors":"Rohasib Maulana","doi":"10.36667/tajdid.v29i2.799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36667/tajdid.v29i2.799","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout the course of classical history, women were often discussed because of their discredited social status. The exoticism of women in the eyes of men is only limited to fulfilling biological needs, not having the value of social, economic, political, and educational authority both in the community and even in the family. The downturn was caused by the ignorance of pre-Islamic humans, before knowing the noble values of Muhammad's treatise on the existence of women. This study tries to explore the history of women's education in the Middle East and Indonesia in the early periods, starting from the discussion of pre-Islamic women until the beginning of Islam coming and developing which then raised the status of women to become noble figures. This study is a library research, in the form of a study of the history of Islamic education in the Middle East and Indonesia, from the religious aspect to the social aspect of education. The results showed that pre-Islamic women were objects of violence and humiliation by misogynists. Hegemonic is wholly owned by men. The existence of women is considered not exotic and even considered to be unlucky, so they should be ostracized to the point of murder. It was only after Islam came that women got equal rights and authority with men from the social, economic, educational and even political aspects, so since then women have also received extensive educational services.","PeriodicalId":8646,"journal":{"name":"At-Tajdid: Jurnal Ilmu Tarbiyah","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88873701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-06DOI: 10.36667/tajdid.v29i2.710
Moh. Alfin Sulihkhodin, Muhammad Asadurrohman, A. Wibowo
The purpose of this research is to describe the reality of mut’ah marriage in Indonesia by making an attempt to interpret the views of Shi’ah scholars. The discourse related to mut’ah marriage isn’t longer considered a new discuss in Indonesia. There have been several previous studies related to this problem. Starting from research that focuses on the discuss related to the legal controversy of contract marriage, efforts to compare Islamic law with positive law in Indonesia, attempts to criticize the hadith relating to the ability to implement mut’ah marriage, and research that is directly involved in the field. Basically, this opinion about the permissibility of marriage was specifically conveyed by the Shi’ah scholars. And the Sunnis generally forbiden it. This study used a qualitative approach with the library study method. The writer chose the research using the literature study method to make it easier to collect data related to the reality of the practice of mut'ah marriage in Indonesia. The research results show that: The practice of mut’ah marriage in Iran is actually regulated in a certain regulation. But, in Indonesia the marriage that are listed and protected in the regulations are marriages that are permanent (daim).
{"title":"The Reality of Mut'ah Marriage in Indonesia: Reinterpretation of the Opinion of Shia Scholars","authors":"Moh. Alfin Sulihkhodin, Muhammad Asadurrohman, A. Wibowo","doi":"10.36667/tajdid.v29i2.710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36667/tajdid.v29i2.710","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to describe the reality of mut’ah marriage in Indonesia by making an attempt to interpret the views of Shi’ah scholars. The discourse related to mut’ah marriage isn’t longer considered a new discuss in Indonesia. There have been several previous studies related to this problem. Starting from research that focuses on the discuss related to the legal controversy of contract marriage, efforts to compare Islamic law with positive law in Indonesia, attempts to criticize the hadith relating to the ability to implement mut’ah marriage, and research that is directly involved in the field. Basically, this opinion about the permissibility of marriage was specifically conveyed by the Shi’ah scholars. And the Sunnis generally forbiden it. This study used a qualitative approach with the library study method. The writer chose the research using the literature study method to make it easier to collect data related to the reality of the practice of mut'ah marriage in Indonesia. The research results show that: The practice of mut’ah marriage in Iran is actually regulated in a certain regulation. But, in Indonesia the marriage that are listed and protected in the regulations are marriages that are permanent (daim).","PeriodicalId":8646,"journal":{"name":"At-Tajdid: Jurnal Ilmu Tarbiyah","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77681162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.36667/tajdid.v29i2.920
Mush'ab Bahrah, Muhammad Ansori Y.
Hadith as the main foundation of Islamic law, second after the Holy Qur'an, has a very large role and portion in the history of Islam. Since the revelation of Islam in the period of the Prophet Muhammad until periods after that: the companions, tabi'in, tabi'ut tabi'in, also the scholars after to the present day. If the Qur'an is a direct revelation from Allah, the hadith is its complement and explanation that comes directly from the Prophet Muhammad, which of course also remains under the direct supervision of Allah. This paper is made so that Muslims can understand correctly the nature of the hadith itself, how its role and development has been until now, which explains that hadith are words, actions, decisions, and moral characteristics that come from the Prophet Muhammad. Because these hadiths are very numerous, the companions and tabiin have tried their best to maintain the purity and validity of these hadiths. So then came the Ilm Hadith Riwayah and Ilm Hadith Dirayah compiled by Muslim scholars to be taught to generations so that Muslims can continue to maintain existing hadiths, can understand them correctly and can distinguish between hadiths that are truly authentic and hadiths that are not. In addition, since the period of the companions and tabi'in the scholars also have started the codification (official book-making) of hadiths. The purpose is the same which is to maintain the purity of the traditions of the Prophet Muhammad so that they can continue to be maintained and conveyed to the future generations.
{"title":"Upaya Menjaga Kemurnian dan Validitas Hadis Nabi: Kajian terhadap Sejarah Kodifikasi Hadis","authors":"Mush'ab Bahrah, Muhammad Ansori Y.","doi":"10.36667/tajdid.v29i2.920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36667/tajdid.v29i2.920","url":null,"abstract":"Hadith as the main foundation of Islamic law, second after the Holy Qur'an, has a very large role and portion in the history of Islam. Since the revelation of Islam in the period of the Prophet Muhammad until periods after that: the companions, tabi'in, tabi'ut tabi'in, also the scholars after to the present day. If the Qur'an is a direct revelation from Allah, the hadith is its complement and explanation that comes directly from the Prophet Muhammad, which of course also remains under the direct supervision of Allah. This paper is made so that Muslims can understand correctly the nature of the hadith itself, how its role and development has been until now, which explains that hadith are words, actions, decisions, and moral characteristics that come from the Prophet Muhammad. Because these hadiths are very numerous, the companions and tabiin have tried their best to maintain the purity and validity of these hadiths. So then came the Ilm Hadith Riwayah and Ilm Hadith Dirayah compiled by Muslim scholars to be taught to generations so that Muslims can continue to maintain existing hadiths, can understand them correctly and can distinguish between hadiths that are truly authentic and hadiths that are not. In addition, since the period of the companions and tabi'in the scholars also have started the codification (official book-making) of hadiths. The purpose is the same which is to maintain the purity of the traditions of the Prophet Muhammad so that they can continue to be maintained and conveyed to the future generations.","PeriodicalId":8646,"journal":{"name":"At-Tajdid: Jurnal Ilmu Tarbiyah","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81441828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-25DOI: 10.36667/tajdid.v29i2.501
Fadlili Munawwar Manshur, N. Herlina, Ahmad Nabil Atoillah
In classical Islamic thought, ‘divine predestination’ (qada’ wa’l-qadar) versus ‘human free will’ (ikhtiyar) is one of the most hotly contested topics. This article critically analyses the contribution made to this discourse by the two prominent schools of Islamic theology, the Asharites and the Mu’tazilites, by focusing on a topic that is crucial to the philosophy and theology of theology. This article seeks to properly understand Islamic intellectual history and culture by arguing that the treatment of the two schools of Islamic theology on the issue of qada’ wa’l-qadar and ikhtiyar is innovative, influential, and fundamentally more complex than previously acknowledged. On the subject of free will versus fate, the study’s findings indicate that the Mu’tazilah and Ash’ariyah have made compromises between philosophical, theological (kalam), and esoteric (sûfi) perspectives. Given that the subject matter and methodology of kalam, falsafah, and tasawwûf are frequently considered to be very different or even contradictory, this attitude of accommodation is plainly exceptional.
{"title":"Doktrin Predestinasi dan Determinisme: Antara Muktazilah dan Asy’ariyah","authors":"Fadlili Munawwar Manshur, N. Herlina, Ahmad Nabil Atoillah","doi":"10.36667/tajdid.v29i2.501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36667/tajdid.v29i2.501","url":null,"abstract":"In classical Islamic thought, ‘divine predestination’ (qada’ wa’l-qadar) versus ‘human free will’ (ikhtiyar) is one of the most hotly contested topics. This article critically analyses the contribution made to this discourse by the two prominent schools of Islamic theology, the Asharites and the Mu’tazilites, by focusing on a topic that is crucial to the philosophy and theology of theology. This article seeks to properly understand Islamic intellectual history and culture by arguing that the treatment of the two schools of Islamic theology on the issue of qada’ wa’l-qadar and ikhtiyar is innovative, influential, and fundamentally more complex than previously acknowledged. On the subject of free will versus fate, the study’s findings indicate that the Mu’tazilah and Ash’ariyah have made compromises between philosophical, theological (kalam), and esoteric (sûfi) perspectives. Given that the subject matter and methodology of kalam, falsafah, and tasawwûf are frequently considered to be very different or even contradictory, this attitude of accommodation is plainly exceptional.","PeriodicalId":8646,"journal":{"name":"At-Tajdid: Jurnal Ilmu Tarbiyah","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74976488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.36667/tajdid.v29i2.793
A. Muchtar
This study aims to elaborate ideas and debates on human rights in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic. The point of view of this study is Islamic Sharia. This study uses a literature review method complemented by personal reflection to connect Islamic sharia ideas with social dynamics during the pandemic. Several relevant pieces of literature are reviewed and analyzed to find the suitable core of sharia ideas. By exploring some basic principles of human rights, this study concludes that in this era of the Covid-19 pandemic, some people view government policies as contrary to human rights because they have to experience many restrictions and pressures, such as the obligation to wear masks, vaccinations, social distancing, restrictions on worship activities, isolation. They also feel that their human rights have been violated by regulations requiring them to wear masks, feeling insecure by the threat of contracting the virus, losing their jobs, threats of death, and so on. On the other hand, some other humans support regulations and legal rules based on health protocols. The support of this second group is also for the sake of protecting human rights. They support the government’s policy of enforcing health protocols solely to avoid the danger of contagion of Covid-19 which can lead to severity and even death. In the perspective of Islamic Sharia, human rights which are based on freedom are actually limited by the rights of others. Freedom as one of the core of human rights is also balanced with obligations and responsibilities.
{"title":"Human Rights and The New Normal Challenges: A Sharia Perspective","authors":"A. Muchtar","doi":"10.36667/tajdid.v29i2.793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36667/tajdid.v29i2.793","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to elaborate ideas and debates on human rights in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic. The point of view of this study is Islamic Sharia. This study uses a literature review method complemented by personal reflection to connect Islamic sharia ideas with social dynamics during the pandemic. Several relevant pieces of literature are reviewed and analyzed to find the suitable core of sharia ideas. By exploring some basic principles of human rights, this study concludes that in this era of the Covid-19 pandemic, some people view government policies as contrary to human rights because they have to experience many restrictions and pressures, such as the obligation to wear masks, vaccinations, social distancing, restrictions on worship activities, isolation. They also feel that their human rights have been violated by regulations requiring them to wear masks, feeling insecure by the threat of contracting the virus, losing their jobs, threats of death, and so on. On the other hand, some other humans support regulations and legal rules based on health protocols. The support of this second group is also for the sake of protecting human rights. They support the government’s policy of enforcing health protocols solely to avoid the danger of contagion of Covid-19 which can lead to severity and even death. In the perspective of Islamic Sharia, human rights which are based on freedom are actually limited by the rights of others. Freedom as one of the core of human rights is also balanced with obligations and responsibilities.","PeriodicalId":8646,"journal":{"name":"At-Tajdid: Jurnal Ilmu Tarbiyah","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73764330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-11DOI: 10.36667/tajdid.v29i2.606
H. Bisri, Yayan Khaerul Anwar, H. Husni
One of the triggers for the spread of the COVID-19 virus is a crowd of people, while several Muslim religious ritual activities are carried out in the form of a crowd (congregation). To avoid crowds of people, the Indonesian Ulema Council issued religious fatwas so those ritual activities would not become a cluster for the spread of COVID-19. This study analyzes the Indonesian Ulema Council’s (MUI) fatwas during the COVID-19 pandemic using the legal maxim perspective. This study uses the literature review method. Some primary and secondary literature on MUI fatwas are analyzed critically to obtain a complete, detailed, clear, and systematic picture of MUI fatwas. The study results show that the entire MUI fatwa is based on the Islamic legal maxim theoretical framework, which aims to keep Muslims away from harm, eliminate difficulties and difficulties, and endeavor to benefit as many people as possible. Besides, the entire Fatwa refers to authoritative Islamic sources, namely the Koran, the Prophet’s Hadith, scholars’ opinions, and experts' views. This study’s results can be applied as a guideline for Muslims and Muslim medical personnel in implementing Islamic teachings in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"The Fatwas of Indonesian Ulema Council tn The Era of Covid-19 Pandemic: An Islamic Legal Maxim Perspective","authors":"H. Bisri, Yayan Khaerul Anwar, H. Husni","doi":"10.36667/tajdid.v29i2.606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36667/tajdid.v29i2.606","url":null,"abstract":"One of the triggers for the spread of the COVID-19 virus is a crowd of people, while several Muslim religious ritual activities are carried out in the form of a crowd (congregation). To avoid crowds of people, the Indonesian Ulema Council issued religious fatwas so those ritual activities would not become a cluster for the spread of COVID-19. This study analyzes the Indonesian Ulema Council’s (MUI) fatwas during the COVID-19 pandemic using the legal maxim perspective. This study uses the literature review method. Some primary and secondary literature on MUI fatwas are analyzed critically to obtain a complete, detailed, clear, and systematic picture of MUI fatwas. The study results show that the entire MUI fatwa is based on the Islamic legal maxim theoretical framework, which aims to keep Muslims away from harm, eliminate difficulties and difficulties, and endeavor to benefit as many people as possible. Besides, the entire Fatwa refers to authoritative Islamic sources, namely the Koran, the Prophet’s Hadith, scholars’ opinions, and experts' views. This study’s results can be applied as a guideline for Muslims and Muslim medical personnel in implementing Islamic teachings in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":8646,"journal":{"name":"At-Tajdid: Jurnal Ilmu Tarbiyah","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85668541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-20DOI: 10.36667/tajdid.v29i1.1008
H. Husni, N. Herlina
This study seeks to elaborate on the nature of Islamic ethics and its relevance to education. This study is expected to obtain in-depth academic data or information about the nature of Islamic ethics and how it relates to the spirits and values of education. For that purpose, I used the literature review method, which started with identifying, collecting, and grouping relevant articles, to be analyzed and concluded. The results of the study show that the Islamic ethics is relevant to several spirits and values of Islamic education, including sincerity, justice, honesty, feeling the presence of God, obedience to obligations, patience, obedience to the law, forgiveness, commitment to the truth of science, esotericism, and pleasure in giving.
{"title":"The Nature of Islamic Ethics and Its Implications for Education","authors":"H. Husni, N. Herlina","doi":"10.36667/tajdid.v29i1.1008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36667/tajdid.v29i1.1008","url":null,"abstract":"This study seeks to elaborate on the nature of Islamic ethics and its relevance to education. This study is expected to obtain in-depth academic data or information about the nature of Islamic ethics and how it relates to the spirits and values of education. For that purpose, I used the literature review method, which started with identifying, collecting, and grouping relevant articles, to be analyzed and concluded. The results of the study show that the Islamic ethics is relevant to several spirits and values of Islamic education, including sincerity, justice, honesty, feeling the presence of God, obedience to obligations, patience, obedience to the law, forgiveness, commitment to the truth of science, esotericism, and pleasure in giving.","PeriodicalId":8646,"journal":{"name":"At-Tajdid: Jurnal Ilmu Tarbiyah","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82624348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-20DOI: 10.36667/tajdid.v29i1.762
Abdul Mun’im Amaly, Nurwadjah Ahmad EQ, Andewi Suhartini
The purpose of this research is to describe how Islamic education should achieve its goals in accordance with the concept of human creation as the subject and object of education. This study was conducted by a researcher using a literature review method, which involved reviewing a number of journal articles, books, research reports, and other credible literature. The study's findings indicate that the manifestation of the purpose of human life is essentially twofold: to be a servant of God, which is the actualization of God's mandate, and to become khalifāh in the world. Islamic education actualizes the two manifestations of the purpose of human life so that humans can realize their spiritual and bodily potential, and thus Islamic education plays an important role in the formation of a perfect human being in accordance with the concept of creation (khalq al-insān).
{"title":"The Idea of Khalq al-Insān as the Goal of Human Life and Its Relevance to Islamic Education","authors":"Abdul Mun’im Amaly, Nurwadjah Ahmad EQ, Andewi Suhartini","doi":"10.36667/tajdid.v29i1.762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36667/tajdid.v29i1.762","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to describe how Islamic education should achieve its goals in accordance with the concept of human creation as the subject and object of education. This study was conducted by a researcher using a literature review method, which involved reviewing a number of journal articles, books, research reports, and other credible literature. The study's findings indicate that the manifestation of the purpose of human life is essentially twofold: to be a servant of God, which is the actualization of God's mandate, and to become khalifāh in the world. Islamic education actualizes the two manifestations of the purpose of human life so that humans can realize their spiritual and bodily potential, and thus Islamic education plays an important role in the formation of a perfect human being in accordance with the concept of creation (khalq al-insān).","PeriodicalId":8646,"journal":{"name":"At-Tajdid: Jurnal Ilmu Tarbiyah","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79953596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-20DOI: 10.36667/tajdid.v29i1.1156
A. Muchtar
This study aims to elaborate on the concept of Islamic teachings on the rights of non-Muslims in an Islamic country. This study uses the literature study method, which is a data collection method directed at searching for data and information through scientific articles and scientific books, both in scientific journals, scientific forum proceedings, and scientific research reports. The results of the study show that non-Muslims who live among Muslims (ahlu al-dzimmah) receive protection, have equal rights and obligations, and obtain an equal position with Muslims. Muslims, especially Muslim leaders, have an obligation to provide protection to non-Muslims. Islamic leaders have an obligation to provide legal instruments and legislation, which guarantee the basic rights of non-Muslims, and obtain equality before the law.
{"title":"The Rights of Non-Muslims in an Islamic State: A Literature Review","authors":"A. Muchtar","doi":"10.36667/tajdid.v29i1.1156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36667/tajdid.v29i1.1156","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to elaborate on the concept of Islamic teachings on the rights of non-Muslims in an Islamic country. This study uses the literature study method, which is a data collection method directed at searching for data and information through scientific articles and scientific books, both in scientific journals, scientific forum proceedings, and scientific research reports. The results of the study show that non-Muslims who live among Muslims (ahlu al-dzimmah) receive protection, have equal rights and obligations, and obtain an equal position with Muslims. Muslims, especially Muslim leaders, have an obligation to provide protection to non-Muslims. Islamic leaders have an obligation to provide legal instruments and legislation, which guarantee the basic rights of non-Muslims, and obtain equality before the law.","PeriodicalId":8646,"journal":{"name":"At-Tajdid: Jurnal Ilmu Tarbiyah","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77723341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-20DOI: 10.36667/tajdid.v29i1.1126
Sofia Ratna Awaliyah Fitri, Mahmud Mahmud
Ma'rifat is a Sufi discipline that emphasizes the importance of knowing the Creator through Islamic teachings, specifically the Qur'an and Hadith or the Prophet's sunnah, which are internalized in the Prophet's life. ma’rifatullāh face increasingly complex life challenges in the modern era. This causes humans to lose sight of their sacred obligation to perform their duties and functions as abid on earth. Using the literature review method, this study attempts to elaborate on the concept of ma'rifat and its relevance to Islamic education. ma’rifatullāh is a concept used to develop students' noble character, and it turns out that the concept of ma'rifat is more than just knowledge; it is an increase in self-awareness that leads to obedience and piety to Allah.
{"title":"The Meaning of Ma’rifatullāh and How It Affects Islamic Education","authors":"Sofia Ratna Awaliyah Fitri, Mahmud Mahmud","doi":"10.36667/tajdid.v29i1.1126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36667/tajdid.v29i1.1126","url":null,"abstract":"Ma'rifat is a Sufi discipline that emphasizes the importance of knowing the Creator through Islamic teachings, specifically the Qur'an and Hadith or the Prophet's sunnah, which are internalized in the Prophet's life. ma’rifatullāh face increasingly complex life challenges in the modern era. This causes humans to lose sight of their sacred obligation to perform their duties and functions as abid on earth. Using the literature review method, this study attempts to elaborate on the concept of ma'rifat and its relevance to Islamic education. ma’rifatullāh is a concept used to develop students' noble character, and it turns out that the concept of ma'rifat is more than just knowledge; it is an increase in self-awareness that leads to obedience and piety to Allah.","PeriodicalId":8646,"journal":{"name":"At-Tajdid: Jurnal Ilmu Tarbiyah","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84358287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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