一种显著改善n型Bi(1−x)Sbx热电材料塑性变形力学性能的新方法

N. Sidorenko, Yaakov B. Unigovski, Z. Dashevsky, R. Shneck
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摘要

Bi(1−x)Sbx单晶是在100 ~ 200 K温度范围内最有效的热电(TE)材料,由于其塑性变形,开发了一种独特的方法来显著提高其强度。在液体介质中全方位静压下室温塑性变形后,在300 ~ 80 K温度范围内,n型Bi-Sb多晶固溶体的机械强度较Bi-Sb单晶有显著提高。与Bi-Sb单晶相比,挤压合金的强度明显更高,这与大量具有高边界表面的晶粒的发育以及在晶界积聚的结构缺陷(如位错)有关。由于在全方位静水压缩下,晶体塑性变形均匀,形成了由晶粒组成的多晶结构,其主晶学方向与原始单晶接近,从而使挤压样品的结构具有显著的稳定性。Bi-Sb单晶在塑性变形后的强化首次允许制造出可行的TE器件,这种器件不能基于具有优异TE性能但强度低的单晶制造。
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A Novel Method to Significantly Improve the Mechanical Properties of n-Type Bi(1−x)Sbx Thermoelectrics Due to Plastic Deformation
A unique method was developed to significantly improve the strength of Bi(1−x)Sbx single crystals, the most effective thermoelectric (TE) materials in the temperature range from 100 to 200 K due to their plastic deformation by extrusion. After plastic deformation at room temperature under all-round hydrostatic compression in a liquid medium, n-type Bi–Sb polycrystalline solid solutions show a significant increase in mechanical strength compared to Bi–Sb single crystals in the temperature range from 300 to 80 K. The significantly higher strength of extruded alloys in comparison with Bi–Sb single crystals is associated with the development of numerous grains with a high boundary surface as well as structural defects, such as dislocations, that accumulate at grain boundaries. Significant stability of the structure of extruded samples is achieved due to the uniformity of crystal plastic deformation under all-round hydrostatic compression and the formation of the polycrystalline structure consisting of grains with the orientation of the main crystallographic directions close to the original single crystal. The strengthening of Bi–Sb single crystals after plastic deformation allows for the first time to create workable TE devices that cannot be created on the basis of single crystals that have excellent TE properties, but low strength.
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