2019年北昆士兰洪水的天气系统和极端降雨产生与历史上北昆士兰创纪录的洪水相比

IF 3.6 4区 地球科学 Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science Pub Date : 2021-03-29 DOI:10.1071/ES20005
J. Callaghan
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引用次数: 2

摘要

早期的论文讨论了澳大利亚东南部和全球各地暖空气平流(WAA)引发的洪水,以及美国飓风和澳大利亚热带气旋(tc)的极端降雨。这是第一篇论述WAA现象在引起季风和TC洪水以及在澳大利亚北部内陆发展的类似TC系统中的作用的论文。内陆事件有助于解释1916年澳大利亚最严重的热带洪水灾害。2019年1月下旬和2月初,一系列灾难性的洪水给昆士兰州北部热带内陆地区和沿海地区造成了广泛的破坏。当一些大规模的气候影响,包括海面温度表明不会导致大洪水时,就会发生这种情况。因此,重要的是要关注天气系统,以了解导致导致洪水的极端降雨的过程。在大多数地区,天气系统的结构涉及一种模式,在这种模式中,风从低层上升到中层(通常称为WAA)时,以反气旋的方式转向,这种模式在大片地区维持了11天。HYSPLIT气包轨迹观测证实了这些上升分析。对报告的最大降雨时期的检查,并与气候学进行比较,表明季风环流更强,WAA在热带昆士兰州广泛存在,通常在那里发现冷空气平流的下降等量,并且在南昆士兰海岸平均海平面压力更高。季风低压位于北部强烈的深层季风西风带和南部强烈的深层季风东风带之间,确保了其缓慢移动。这次非tc事件造成内陆强降雨。极端的内陆降雨在这个地区是罕见的。Dare等人(2012)使用1969/70年至2009/10年的数据表明,在昆士兰北部,非tc事件产生了很大比例的总降雨量。与2008年早期事件相关的垂直结构有足够的数据来探测覆盖在陆上潮湿热带气流上的强烈而广泛的WAA。这似乎在这种向内陆延伸的极端降雨中发挥了至关重要的作用,或许也为1916年克莱蒙特(Clermont)造成约70人死亡的洪灾的原因提供了线索。在热带内陆地区发生的其他几起具有强WAA的事件也有助于解释1916年的灾难。
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Weather systems and extreme rainfall generation in the 2019 north Queensland floods compared with historical north Queensland record floods
Earlier papers have addressed floods from warm-air advection (WAA) in southeast Australia and around the globe, and extreme rainfall in US hurricanes and Australian tropical cyclones (TCs). This is the first paper to address the WAA phenomena in causing monsoon and TC floods and in TC-like systems which develop over the interior of northern Australia. The inland events help explain Australia’s worst tropical flooding disaster in 1916. A disastrous series of floods during late January and early February 2019 caused widespread damage in tropical north Queensland both in inland regions and along the coast. This occurred when some large-scale climate influences, including the sea surface temperatures suggested conditions would not lead to major flooding. Therefore, it is important to focus on the weather systems to understand the processes that resulted in the extreme rainfall responsible for the flooding. The structure of weather systems in most areas involved a pattern in which the winds turned in an anticyclonic sense as they ascended from the low to middle levels of the atmosphere (often referred to as WAA) which was maintained over large areas for 11 days. HYSPLIT air parcel trajectory observations were employed to confirm these ascent analyses. Examination of a period during which the heaviest rain was reported and compared with climatology showed a much stronger monsoon circulation, widespread WAA through tropical Queensland where normally its descending equivalent of cold-air advection is found, and higher mean sea level pressures along the south Queensland coast. The monsoon low was located between strong deep monsoon westerlies to the north and strong deep easterlies to the south which ensured its slow movement. This non-TC event produced heavy inland rainfall. Extreme inland rainfall is rare in this region. Dare et al. (2012), using data from 1969/70 to 2009/10, showed that over north Queensland non-TC events produced a large percentage of the total rainfall. The vertical structure associated with one of the earlier events that occurred in 2008 had sufficient data to detect strong and widespread WAA overlying an onshore moist tropical airstream. This appears to have played a crucial role in such extreme rainfall extending well inland and perhaps gives insight to the cause of a 1916 flooding disaster at Clermont which claimed around 70 lives. Several other events over the inland Tropics with strong WAA also help explain the 1916 disaster.
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来源期刊
Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science
Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science Earth and Planetary Sciences-Oceanography
CiteScore
8.10
自引率
8.30%
发文量
0
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science (JSHESS) publishes broad areas of research with a distinct emphasis on the Southern Hemisphere. The scope of the Journal encompasses the study of the mean state, variability and change of the atmosphere, oceans, and land surface, including the cryosphere, from hemispheric to regional scales. general circulation of the atmosphere and oceans, climate change and variability , climate impacts, climate modelling , past change in the climate system including palaeoclimate variability, atmospheric dynamics, synoptic meteorology, mesoscale meteorology and severe weather, tropical meteorology, observation systems, remote sensing of atmospheric, oceanic and land surface processes, weather, climate and ocean prediction, atmospheric and oceanic composition and chemistry, physical oceanography, air‐sea interactions, coastal zone processes, hydrology, cryosphere‐atmosphere interactions, land surface‐atmosphere interactions, space weather, including impacts and mitigation on technology, ionospheric, magnetospheric, auroral and space physics, data assimilation applied to the above subject areas . Authors are encouraged to contact the Editor for specific advice on whether the subject matter of a proposed submission is appropriate for the Journal of Southern Hemisphere Earth Systems Science.
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