考虑到环境因素和二次资源的价值,确定家庭废物管理的综合收费标准

IF 0.5 Q4 ECONOMICS EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW Pub Date : 2023-02-15 DOI:10.32342/2074-5354-2023-1-58-9
D. Elrabay’a, V. Marchenko, V. Osetskyi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

欧盟在减少垃圾填埋和提高回收率方面取得如此令人印象深刻的成果的主要原因之一是“污染者付费”原则。生产者的废物管理费用应等于消除其不利影响的所有费用。乌克兰家庭垃圾管理的成果远远落后于欧洲。只有不到1%的家庭垃圾和类似垃圾被再利用。如果目前的组织和经济模式仍然占主导地位,乌克兰可能无法实现国家可持续发展战略中规定的废物管理指标。废物管理的低关税和缺乏全国性的分类收集计划被认为是未经批准的垃圾场普遍存在的主要因素。回收中心、大型回收项目以及最后的单独收集计划的实施积压都是资金不足的结果。本研究提供了一套全面的家庭废物管理收费表。方法是找出总财务成本,包括设计,土地征用,填埋场建设和运营成本,然后估计二氧化碳排放造成的环境成本。该研究估算了分类收集和运输生活垃圾的实际成本,并得出扣除可回收材料的市场价值后的净成本。根据研究结果,乌克兰处理生活垃圾的财务成本高达355乌瓦,根据废物类型的不同,排放成本可能达到441乌瓦/吨。文章指出,生活垃圾的收集和运输费用必须根据垃圾成分的密度和二次原材料的市场价值进行调整。人们还发现,如果可回收物自己送到回收中心,可以避免收集和运输某些类型的废物的成本。根据这项研究,包括收集和运输的关税应在每吨453和1628澳元之间波动。最后,研究表明,当垃圾发生器的可回收物被分开收集时,其收益在UAH 1072 ~ UAH 2495之间。
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DETERMINING THE COMPREHENSIVE TARIFF FOR HOUSEHOLD WASTE MANAGEMENT TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENT AND THE VALUE OF SECONDARY RESOURCES
One of the main reasons why the EU has achieved such impressive results in minimizing landfills and increasing the rate of recycling has been the “polluter pays” principle. The cost of waste management for the producer should be equal to all the costs of eliminating its adverse effects. The results of household waste management in Ukraine lag far behind those in Europe. Less than 1% of the total amount of household and similar waste is reused. Ukraine risks not achieving the waste management indicators specified in the national sustainable development strategy if the current organizational and economic models remain dominant. Low tariffs for waste management and the absence of a nationwide segregated collection program are believed to be the main factors behind the prevalence of unsanctioned dump sites. The backlog in the implementation of recycling centers, recycling megaprojects and, finally, separate collection programs are the result of insufficient funding. This study provides a full calculation of the inclusive household waste management tariff. The approach was to find the total financial costs, including design, land acquisition, landfill construction and operating cost then, estimate the environmental costs caused by the CO2 emissions. The study estimates the real cost of collecting and transporting separately collected household waste and concludes the net cost after deducting the market value of recyclable materials. According to the results of the study, it turned out that the financial costs for the disposal of household waste in Ukraine reach up to UAH 355, and the cost of emissions may reach UAH 441/ton depending on the type of waste. The article reveals that the tariff for the collection and transportation of household waste must be adjusted depending on the density of the waste components and the market value of secondary raw materials. It has been also found that the costs of collecting and transporting some types of waste can be avoided if the recyclables are self-delivered to the recycling centers. The inclusive collection and transportation tariff, according to this study, should fluctuate between UAH 453 and UAH 1628 per ton. Finally, the study has shown that waste generator can earn between UAH 1072 and UAH 2495 when his recyclables are collected separately.
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EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW
EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS-
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