This study emphasizes the importance of capital markets and delves into the opportunities and risks that IPOs (Initial Public Offerings) offer for companies and investors. Capital markets provide an avenue for both domestic and foreign investors to make long-term investments, thereby contributing to economic growth. IPOs enable the broadening of capital distribution and the participation of small investors, ultimately supporting economic stability. However, opening new accounts solely for IPO participation may limit market transactions and hinder long-term investments. Financial markets in Turkey have rapidly developed, driven by structural regulations and efforts towards global integration. Nevertheless, financial crises and pandemic events have caused fluctuations in the market. IPOs play a crucial role in bringing companies into financial markets and converting funds into investments. Therefore, various projects have been initiated to increase the number of publicly traded companies and promote capital market development. In the analytical part of the study, the performance of the Borsa Istanbul IPO Index (XHARZ) is examined, and forecasting is conducted. Traditional ARIMA (p,d,q) models and artificial intelligence-based XGBoost models are used for predictions, followed by a comparison of their performance. The results of the analysis show that the machine learning based XGBoost Model provides the best forecasting performance.
本研究强调了资本市场的重要性，并深入探讨了ipo(首次公开募股)为公司和投资者提供的机会和风险。资本市场为国内外投资者提供了一个进行长期投资的渠道，从而促进了经济增长。首次公开募股使资本分配和小投资者的参与得以扩大，最终支持经济稳定。然而，仅为参与IPO而开设新账户可能会限制市场交易，阻碍长期投资。在结构性监管和全球一体化努力的推动下，土耳其的金融市场迅速发展。然而，金融危机和大流行病事件造成了市场波动。ipo在将企业引入金融市场、将资金转化为投资方面发挥着至关重要的作用。因此，各种项目已经启动，以增加上市公司的数量，促进资本市场的发展。在分析部分，研究了Borsa Istanbul IPO指数(XHARZ)的表现，并进行了预测。使用传统的ARIMA (p,d,q)模型和基于人工智能的XGBoost模型进行预测，然后比较它们的性能。分析结果表明，基于机器学习的XGBoost模型提供了最好的预测性能。
{"title":"IPOs AND EVALUATION OF THE BORSA ISTANBUL IPO INDEX","authors":"İlknur Ülkü ARMAĞAN","doi":"10.21121/eab.1362952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.1362952","url":null,"abstract":"This study emphasizes the importance of capital markets and delves into the opportunities and risks that IPOs (Initial Public Offerings) offer for companies and investors. Capital markets provide an avenue for both domestic and foreign investors to make long-term investments, thereby contributing to economic growth. IPOs enable the broadening of capital distribution and the participation of small investors, ultimately supporting economic stability. However, opening new accounts solely for IPO participation may limit market transactions and hinder long-term investments. Financial markets in Turkey have rapidly developed, driven by structural regulations and efforts towards global integration. Nevertheless, financial crises and pandemic events have caused fluctuations in the market. IPOs play a crucial role in bringing companies into financial markets and converting funds into investments. Therefore, various projects have been initiated to increase the number of publicly traded companies and promote capital market development. In the analytical part of the study, the performance of the Borsa Istanbul IPO Index (XHARZ) is examined, and forecasting is conducted. Traditional ARIMA (p,d,q) models and artificial intelligence-based XGBoost models are used for predictions, followed by a comparison of their performance. The results of the analysis show that the machine learning based XGBoost Model provides the best forecasting performance.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"334 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136060633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Individual personalities, situational factors, and social interactions impact the fair sharing of justice. This study was conducted on 412 adults and investigated how behaviors were shaped in the Ultimatum Game. Therefore, three cases were determined, and the bidder was instructed to divide 10 thousand TL first in the typical game. Afterward, it was said that the other person was in need, and the bid was requested to be renewed. At the last stage, bids were received if there was any doubt about the needy. Consistency analysis was performed with the Cronbach's Alpha Reliability Coefficient for the reliability. It was found that the scales used in the test were consistent. According to the typical game, people are more empathetic towards those in need and offer 6667 TL rather than 4264 TL. However, when a question of reliability is raised, 4658 TL is offered regardless of need. The study also found that women made higher offers to people in need than men. There was no statistical difference between the bids when the age range and graduation level differed. The findings show that the neoclassical economics concept of homo economicus, which seeks to maximize utility, is not valid in real life.
{"title":"How Does Being Trusted Affect Sharing? Findings from the Ultimatum Game","authors":"Yıldırım Beyazıt ÇİÇEN","doi":"10.21121/eab.1261671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.1261671","url":null,"abstract":"Individual personalities, situational factors, and social interactions impact the fair sharing of justice. This study was conducted on 412 adults and investigated how behaviors were shaped in the Ultimatum Game. Therefore, three cases were determined, and the bidder was instructed to divide 10 thousand TL first in the typical game. Afterward, it was said that the other person was in need, and the bid was requested to be renewed. At the last stage, bids were received if there was any doubt about the needy. Consistency analysis was performed with the Cronbach's Alpha Reliability Coefficient for the reliability. It was found that the scales used in the test were consistent. According to the typical game, people are more empathetic towards those in need and offer 6667 TL rather than 4264 TL. However, when a question of reliability is raised, 4658 TL is offered regardless of need. The study also found that women made higher offers to people in need than men. There was no statistical difference between the bids when the age range and graduation level differed. The findings show that the neoclassical economics concept of homo economicus, which seeks to maximize utility, is not valid in real life.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136236525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to explore the factors influencing support for income equality at both the individual and macro levels worldwide. By analyzing the latest data from the World Values Survey, which includes responses from 50,615 individuals across 42 countries, and incorporating key macroeconomic variables obtained from the World Bank, this study identifies several crucial determinants of attitudes towards addressing income inequality using logistic regression analysis. The research findings reveal that factors such as material well-being, life satisfaction, institutional trust, job status, place of residence, level of education, and religiosity play a significant role in shaping individual perceptions of income inequality, particularly in the context of support for either support for redistributive policy or free-market capitalism as potential solutions to mitigate income disparities. Additionally, macro-level variables reveal a substantial influence on support for income equality. Income per capita, income share of the top 10, the unemployment rate, and women's representation in parliament as a proxy for gender equality are found to significantly increase the likelihood of endorsing efforts to reduce income inequality. Our results remain robust when controlling for alternative income-related variables.
{"title":"Kicking the Ladder or Not? Unraveling Income Inequality Perceptions in the World","authors":"Özge ERDÖLEK KOZAL, Gülçin GÜREL GÜNAL","doi":"10.21121/eab.1355923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.1355923","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to explore the factors influencing support for income equality at both the individual and macro levels worldwide. By analyzing the latest data from the World Values Survey, which includes responses from 50,615 individuals across 42 countries, and incorporating key macroeconomic variables obtained from the World Bank, this study identifies several crucial determinants of attitudes towards addressing income inequality using logistic regression analysis. The research findings reveal that factors such as material well-being, life satisfaction, institutional trust, job status, place of residence, level of education, and religiosity play a significant role in shaping individual perceptions of income inequality, particularly in the context of support for either support for redistributive policy or free-market capitalism as potential solutions to mitigate income disparities. Additionally, macro-level variables reveal a substantial influence on support for income equality. Income per capita, income share of the top 10, the unemployment rate, and women's representation in parliament as a proxy for gender equality are found to significantly increase the likelihood of endorsing efforts to reduce income inequality. Our results remain robust when controlling for alternative income-related variables.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136236885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erkeğin Alkol Kullanımı, Partner Şiddeti, ve Kadın Özerkliği
Bu çalışma, yakın partner şiddetinin evli veya bir partnerle birlikte yaşayan kadının karar verme yeteneği olarak tanımlanan kadın özerkliği üzerindeki etkisini analiz etmektedir. Çalışmada Türkiye için kadına yönelik aile içi şiddete ilişkin mikro düzeydeki veri seti kullanılmıştır. Yakın partner şiddetinin ortaya çıkışının ve seviyesinin kadının karar verme özerkliği üzerindeki nedensel etkisini tahmin etmek için araçsal değişkenler yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Tahmin sonuçları, son on iki ayda partner şidddetine maruz kalmanın kadının karar verme özerkliğini önemli ölçüde azalttığını göstermektedir. Öte yandan, son bir yılda yaşanan şiddet olaylarının sayısındaki bir birimlik artışın, özerkliği azalttığı tahmin edilmiştir. Özerkliğin azalma sebebinin, kadınları çalışmaktan caydırabilecek eş şiddetinin neden olduğu istihdam kaybı olup olmadığını bulmak için başka bir tahmin daha uygulanmıştır. IV tahminleri, eş şiddetinin, evli kadınlarla sınırlı olmayan örneklem için kadınları çalışmaya ittiğini göstermektedir. Bu sonuç, istihdama katılımın tek başına hanehalkında özgürlüğü sağlamak için yeterli olmadığını ve şiddeti önlemeye yönelik hukusal ve kurumsal önlemlerin eşliğinde hareket edilmesi gerekliliğini göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Partner şiddeti, Kadın özerkliği, Alkol kullanımı, Hane içi pazarlığı, Araç değişken
{"title":"Male Alcohol Use, Intimate Partner Violence, and Female Autonomy","authors":"Zeynep ELİTAŞ, Hakan ULUCAN","doi":"10.21121/eab.1317343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.1317343","url":null,"abstract":"Erkeğin Alkol Kullanımı, Partner Şiddeti, ve Kadın Özerkliği
 
 Bu çalışma, yakın partner şiddetinin evli veya bir partnerle birlikte yaşayan kadının karar verme yeteneği olarak tanımlanan kadın özerkliği üzerindeki etkisini analiz etmektedir. Çalışmada Türkiye için kadına yönelik aile içi şiddete ilişkin mikro düzeydeki veri seti kullanılmıştır. Yakın partner şiddetinin ortaya çıkışının ve seviyesinin kadının karar verme özerkliği üzerindeki nedensel etkisini tahmin etmek için araçsal değişkenler yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Tahmin sonuçları, son on iki ayda partner şidddetine maruz kalmanın kadının karar verme özerkliğini önemli ölçüde azalttığını göstermektedir. Öte yandan, son bir yılda yaşanan şiddet olaylarının sayısındaki bir birimlik artışın, özerkliği azalttığı tahmin edilmiştir. Özerkliğin azalma sebebinin, kadınları çalışmaktan caydırabilecek eş şiddetinin neden olduğu istihdam kaybı olup olmadığını bulmak için başka bir tahmin daha uygulanmıştır. IV tahminleri, eş şiddetinin, evli kadınlarla sınırlı olmayan örneklem için kadınları çalışmaya ittiğini göstermektedir. Bu sonuç, istihdama katılımın tek başına hanehalkında özgürlüğü sağlamak için yeterli olmadığını ve şiddeti önlemeye yönelik hukusal ve kurumsal önlemlerin eşliğinde hareket edilmesi gerekliliğini göstermektedir.
 
 Anahtar Kelimeler: Partner şiddeti, Kadın özerkliği, Alkol kullanımı, Hane içi pazarlığı, Araç değişken","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134971495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we estimate the income effects of horizontal mismatch and its interaction with fields of study for Turkish higher education graduates using Turkish Labor Force Survey dataset. After controlling the vertical mismatch to reduce potential bias, our baseline findings show that one point (decrease) increase in (mis)matching index leads to 21.9% wage (penalty) growth. However, the return to the matching varies significantly between fields of study. We also explore extent to which impact of horizontal mismatch is sensitive to the ability levels represented by conditional quantile of the income distribution of graduates. Our quantile regression estimations point us heterogenous matching returns for different quantiles of fields of study. While positive wage effect of matching is significantly valid at the above and below the median income in six and three majors respectively, three majors’ negative matching is at above the median income.
{"title":"Wage Returns to Field of Study-Occupation Mismatch in Turkish Graduate Labor Market: Quantile Regression Approach","authors":"Ugur AYTUN, Oytun MEÇİK","doi":"10.21121/eab.1164097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.1164097","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we estimate the income effects of horizontal mismatch and its interaction with fields of study for Turkish higher education graduates using Turkish Labor Force Survey dataset. After controlling the vertical mismatch to reduce potential bias, our baseline findings show that one point (decrease) increase in (mis)matching index leads to 21.9% wage (penalty) growth. However, the return to the matching varies significantly between fields of study. We also explore extent to which impact of horizontal mismatch is sensitive to the ability levels represented by conditional quantile of the income distribution of graduates. Our quantile regression estimations point us heterogenous matching returns for different quantiles of fields of study. While positive wage effect of matching is significantly valid at the above and below the median income in six and three majors respectively, three majors’ negative matching is at above the median income.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135785253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In today's challenging industry conditions, where being good is not enough to be successful, companies trying to be the best, need consultancy in different fields. Consulting firms provides consultancy services to businesses, and they need to determine the most appropriate one for them. Fuzzy MCDM (Multi Criteria Decision Making) methods are appropriate to solve consulting firm selection problem. In this study, consulting firm selection problem of a textile company operating in Istanbul, Turkey is handled by using a novel combined fuzzy MCDM method based on IMF-SWARA (Improved Fuzzy Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis) and F-CODAS (Fuzzy COmbinative Distance-based Assessment) methods. The importance weights of the criteria are calculated with IMF-SWARA method. Findings indicate that the top three important criteria are respectively, experience, references, and reliability. Then, F-CODAS method is used to rank the consulting firms and the best one is presented to the Human Resources department of the textile company. This study contributes to the existing literature in various aspects. It suggests a novel combined fuzzy MCDM method to solve consulting firm selection and a new Fuzzy CODAS based on TFNs is proposed. Moreover, HR managers can use the findings of this study to evaluate consulting firms.
{"title":"A Novel Combined Fuzzy MCDM Approach Based on IMF-SWARA and F-CODAS for Consulting Firm Selection","authors":"Nilsen KUNDAKCI, Kevser ARMAN","doi":"10.21121/eab.1214630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.1214630","url":null,"abstract":"In today's challenging industry conditions, where being good is not enough to be successful, companies trying to be the best, need consultancy in different fields. Consulting firms provides consultancy services to businesses, and they need to determine the most appropriate one for them. Fuzzy MCDM (Multi Criteria Decision Making) methods are appropriate to solve consulting firm selection problem. In this study, consulting firm selection problem of a textile company operating in Istanbul, Turkey is handled by using a novel combined fuzzy MCDM method based on IMF-SWARA (Improved Fuzzy Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis) and F-CODAS (Fuzzy COmbinative Distance-based Assessment) methods. The importance weights of the criteria are calculated with IMF-SWARA method. Findings indicate that the top three important criteria are respectively, experience, references, and reliability. Then, F-CODAS method is used to rank the consulting firms and the best one is presented to the Human Resources department of the textile company. This study contributes to the existing literature in various aspects. It suggests a novel combined fuzzy MCDM method to solve consulting firm selection and a new Fuzzy CODAS based on TFNs is proposed. Moreover, HR managers can use the findings of this study to evaluate consulting firms.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135886561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Whether economic and political institutions have an impact on countries' economic growth performances is one of the important research topics discussed in the literature. Former socialist Central Asian and Caucasian countries trying to adapt into market economy have not yet completed their transition processes, but they have managed to grow their economies in comparison to previous periods. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between the growth performances and institutional structures of the Central Asian and Caucasian countries of Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan between the years 2000-2018 by using the decision variables of civil rights, economic freedom, political stability, rule of law and GDP per capita. According to the analysis results obtained via Grey Relational Analysis method by assigning equal importance to all variables, Kazakhstan is found to be the highest-ranking country among all examined countries for all periods. The authoritarian tendencies that these countries have shown during their market economy transitions with regards to matters related to institutional structure have been found to be the reason why countries’ economic efforts have failed to yield results
{"title":"An Empirical Investigation on Growth and Institutional Structure Relations in Central Asian and Caucasian Countries","authors":"Pınar ÇUHADAR, Berna (KIRAN) BULĞURCU","doi":"10.21121/eab.881925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21121/eab.881925","url":null,"abstract":"Whether economic and political institutions have an impact on countries' economic growth performances is one of the important research topics discussed in the literature. Former socialist Central Asian and Caucasian countries trying to adapt into market economy have not yet completed their transition processes, but they have managed to grow their economies in comparison to previous periods. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between the growth performances and institutional structures of the Central Asian and Caucasian countries of Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan between the years 2000-2018 by using the decision variables of civil rights, economic freedom, political stability, rule of law and GDP per capita. According to the analysis results obtained via Grey Relational Analysis method by assigning equal importance to all variables, Kazakhstan is found to be the highest-ranking country among all examined countries for all periods. The authoritarian tendencies that these countries have shown during their market economy transitions with regards to matters related to institutional structure have been found to be the reason why countries’ economic efforts have failed to yield results","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136025871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-21
V. Smachylo, L. Sliusareva, Iryna Bozhydai, Oleh V. Kulinich
The article is devoted to solving the problem of the development of startup ecosystems in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (including Ukrainian entrepreneurship since Ukraine gained independence) by reorienting their economy to a market economy and conducting it based on sustainable development, ethics, and social responsibility. It has been found that in the countries a large number of mechanisms and procedures are not fully adapted to the implementation of entrepreneurial activity based on systematicity, complexity, and interaction; only point elements are present, and the effectiveness of their interaction in the process of entrepreneurial activity is quite low. At the same time, the rapid development of startup ecosystems is observed. The definition of this concept in the article is considered from the point of view of scientists as “a combination of localized cultural views, social networks, investment capital, universities, and active economic policies that create an environment that supports innovative business” and Startup Genome. This allows for the interpreting of a startup ecosystem as “a set of resources (policies, accelerators, incubators, co-working spaces, educational institutions, and funding groups) that are mostly located within a radius of 100 kilometers around a central point in a given region, with a few exceptions based on local realities”. It has been established that at the moment the theoretical concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems is insufficiently developed, which does not allow unambiguously interpreting its composition, as well as determining the impact on the development of startup. It has been revealed that the central driver of start-up ecosystems is most often considered by universities as centers of education and driving forces of innovative growth. It is innovations that are determined as a source of entrepreneurship development. The above was the basis for consideration and a possible solution to the problem of building a model that would describe the development of the startup ecosystem of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe based on the analysis of a set of indicators that characterize the startup ecosystem according to the Dealroom.co methodology, where the most popular and those that Ecosystem value is the most complete description of the development of the startup ecosystem. The European experience in the development of startup ecosystems has been analyzed. The structural components of the startup ecosystem have been reflected, and their role in the functioning of the system and their interrelationships has been defined. The functioning of startup ecosystems in European countries has been described. Possible directions of application of the European experience in the development of startup ecosystems in Ukraine have been studied. At the same time, the government of Ukraine considers the IT industry and military tech (high-tech weapons) as priorities in further development, which is espe
{"title":"THE MODELING OF STARTUP ECOSYSTEMS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE BASED ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS","authors":"V. Smachylo, L. Sliusareva, Iryna Bozhydai, Oleh V. Kulinich","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-21","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to solving the problem of the development of startup ecosystems in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (including Ukrainian entrepreneurship since Ukraine gained independence) by reorienting their economy to a market economy and conducting it based on sustainable development, ethics, and social responsibility. It has been found that in the countries a large number of mechanisms and procedures are not fully adapted to the implementation of entrepreneurial activity based on systematicity, complexity, and interaction; only point elements are present, and the effectiveness of their interaction in the process of entrepreneurial activity is quite low. At the same time, the rapid development of startup ecosystems is observed. The definition of this concept in the article is considered from the point of view of scientists as “a combination of localized cultural views, social networks, investment capital, universities, and active economic policies that create an environment that supports innovative business” and Startup Genome. This allows for the interpreting of a startup ecosystem as “a set of resources (policies, accelerators, incubators, co-working spaces, educational institutions, and funding groups) that are mostly located within a radius of 100 kilometers around a central point in a given region, with a few exceptions based on local realities”. It has been established that at the moment the theoretical concept of entrepreneurial ecosystems is insufficiently developed, which does not allow unambiguously interpreting its composition, as well as determining the impact on the development of startup. It has been revealed that the central driver of start-up ecosystems is most often considered by universities as centers of education and driving forces of innovative growth. It is innovations that are determined as a source of entrepreneurship development. The above was the basis for consideration and a possible solution to the problem of building a model that would describe the development of the startup ecosystem of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe based on the analysis of a set of indicators that characterize the startup ecosystem according to the Dealroom.co methodology, where the most popular and those that Ecosystem value is the most complete description of the development of the startup ecosystem. The European experience in the development of startup ecosystems has been analyzed. The structural components of the startup ecosystem have been reflected, and their role in the functioning of the system and their interrelationships has been defined. The functioning of startup ecosystems in European countries has been described. Possible directions of application of the European experience in the development of startup ecosystems in Ukraine have been studied. At the same time, the government of Ukraine considers the IT industry and military tech (high-tech weapons) as priorities in further development, which is espe","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90679606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-10
I. Levytska, A. Klymchuk, Svitlana Zakharova
The tax system of Ukraine has gone through a rather long path of transformation and improvement, but even today it has a number of shortcomings that do not allow it to fulfill one of its main tasks - to contribute to the solution of the primary needs of the state economy. A full-scale military invasion, the occupation of part of the territories, and unprecedented levels of destruction of civil and industrial infrastructure require the search for ways to actively stimulate postwar development. And it is the tax system in this context that can act as one of the key factors of economic recovery, which actualizes the need to study the spectrum of its modern problems and find possible ways to solve them. Purpose. Analytical substantiation of the problems of the current system of taxation of enterprises in Ukraine and possible ways of its optimization in the context of the post-war stimulation of economic development. Methods. The methodological basis of the study was made up of general scientific and special methods of economic theory, in particular, methods of theoretical generalization and comparative analysis with the aim of a comprehensive consideration of the issue under study. In the course of the study, statistical materials of the European Union and the State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine on the issues of taxation of enterprises and were used and processed by methods of statistical analysis: comparison, grouping, calculation of shares. Results. The level of tax burden of enterprises in Ukraine was calculated and compared with similar indicators of the EU countries. The key problems of the current system of taxation of enterprises in Ukraine in terms of value added tax and income tax are analytically substantiated. Alternative options for taxation for the post-war period are proposed with justification of the expected effects for the country’s economy as a whole.
{"title":"TAXATION OF ENTERPRISES IN THE CONTEXT OF POST-WAR STIMULATION OF THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE","authors":"I. Levytska, A. Klymchuk, Svitlana Zakharova","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-10","url":null,"abstract":"The tax system of Ukraine has gone through a rather long path of transformation and improvement, but even today it has a number of shortcomings that do not allow it to fulfill one of its main tasks - to contribute to the solution of the primary needs of the state economy. A full-scale military invasion, the occupation of part of the territories, and unprecedented levels of destruction of civil and industrial infrastructure require the search for ways to actively stimulate postwar development. And it is the tax system in this context that can act as one of the key factors of economic recovery, which actualizes the need to study the spectrum of its modern problems and find possible ways to solve them. Purpose. Analytical substantiation of the problems of the current system of taxation of enterprises in Ukraine and possible ways of its optimization in the context of the post-war stimulation of economic development. Methods. The methodological basis of the study was made up of general scientific and special methods of economic theory, in particular, methods of theoretical generalization and comparative analysis with the aim of a comprehensive consideration of the issue under study. In the course of the study, statistical materials of the European Union and the State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine on the issues of taxation of enterprises and were used and processed by methods of statistical analysis: comparison, grouping, calculation of shares. Results. The level of tax burden of enterprises in Ukraine was calculated and compared with similar indicators of the EU countries. The key problems of the current system of taxation of enterprises in Ukraine in terms of value added tax and income tax are analytically substantiated. Alternative options for taxation for the post-war period are proposed with justification of the expected effects for the country’s economy as a whole.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73499375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-1
V. Fomishyna, Petro Guds, Nadiia Fedorova, I. Pliushchyk
This paper aims to analyse and evaluate the state of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of international business in the transition economy based on the evidence of the southern region of Ukraine. The tasks of the study are (i) to identify the presence of components of the international business ecosystem and their quality depending on the level of development of the transition economy (policy, markets, finance, human capital, culture, support); (ii) to assess the current state of the components of the international business ecosystem; (iii) to identify constraining factors for the functioning of the regional entrepreneurial ecosystem for their further consideration when adjusting the trajectory of the development of the transition economy. The model of Isenberg was used to observe the structure of the ecosystem. The international ratings (KOF Index of Globalization, Global Competitiveness Index, Doing Business, etc.), the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, national laws, etc. were used for the qualitative measurement of the ecosystem performance. An online survey was conducted to assess the current state of the ecosystem and to identify the restraining factors of its functioning. The research results demonstrate that all domains of an international business ecosystem are in the process of formation. 80% of respondents rated domains’ performance at three points on a 5-point scale, indicating poor functioning the ecosystem. The respondents of the survey represent several industries but mostly agro-industrial complex. The restraining factors are ineffective government policy; business-unfriendly legislation; limited access to the infrastructure; insecurity of property rights; inefficient business support systems, etc. The research results show that almost all components of the ecosystem are less efficient in Ukraine than in Europe, except for the entrepreneurs’ intentions of networking and collaboration development. The paper proposed original research on the institutional context of the ecosystem in the transition economy. The study is built on the idea of the specific regional peculiarities of entrepreneurial ecosystems and the impact of transformational processes of the economy of the country. The results of the study can be used as a basis for a scientific focus on the policy of improving the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The article empirically expands the knowledge of entrepreneurial ecosystems and shows the potential and benefits of a complete integrated ecosystem for overall regional development.
{"title":"ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS IN THE TRANSITION ECONOMY: THE CASE OF SOUTHERN REGION OF UKRAINE","authors":"V. Fomishyna, Petro Guds, Nadiia Fedorova, I. Pliushchyk","doi":"10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32342/2074-5354-2023-2-59-1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to analyse and evaluate the state of the entrepreneurial ecosystem of international business in the transition economy based on the evidence of the southern region of Ukraine. The tasks of the study are (i) to identify the presence of components of the international business ecosystem and their quality depending on the level of development of the transition economy (policy, markets, finance, human capital, culture, support); (ii) to assess the current state of the components of the international business ecosystem; (iii) to identify constraining factors for the functioning of the regional entrepreneurial ecosystem for their further consideration when adjusting the trajectory of the development of the transition economy. The model of Isenberg was used to observe the structure of the ecosystem. The international ratings (KOF Index of Globalization, Global Competitiveness Index, Doing Business, etc.), the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, national laws, etc. were used for the qualitative measurement of the ecosystem performance. An online survey was conducted to assess the current state of the ecosystem and to identify the restraining factors of its functioning. The research results demonstrate that all domains of an international business ecosystem are in the process of formation. 80% of respondents rated domains’ performance at three points on a 5-point scale, indicating poor functioning the ecosystem. The respondents of the survey represent several industries but mostly agro-industrial complex. The restraining factors are ineffective government policy; business-unfriendly legislation; limited access to the infrastructure; insecurity of property rights; inefficient business support systems, etc. The research results show that almost all components of the ecosystem are less efficient in Ukraine than in Europe, except for the entrepreneurs’ intentions of networking and collaboration development. The paper proposed original research on the institutional context of the ecosystem in the transition economy. The study is built on the idea of the specific regional peculiarities of entrepreneurial ecosystems and the impact of transformational processes of the economy of the country. The results of the study can be used as a basis for a scientific focus on the policy of improving the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The article empirically expands the knowledge of entrepreneurial ecosystems and shows the potential and benefits of a complete integrated ecosystem for overall regional development.","PeriodicalId":43307,"journal":{"name":"EGE ACADEMIC REVIEW","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76463190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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