温和的激进主义:张东荪与中国行会社会主义(1913-1922)

IF 0.8 2区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY International Review of Social History Pub Date : 2023-04-05 DOI:10.1017/S002085902300024X
Xuduo Zhao
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引用次数: 0

摘要

20世纪10年代,行会社会主义作为对英国特殊社会和政治问题的回应和对英国社会主义运动的激进反抗而出现。从一开始,行会社会主义就以“英国性”为特征,其全球影响在很大程度上被忽视了。本文以中国行会社会主义的代表人物张东荪为例,提供了行会社会主义的跨国维度和比较维度,并考察了其思想在非西方语境下是如何被接受、重新诠释和本土化的。当英国行会宣传一种强烈的反资本主义意识形态,强调工业民主、群众自治和直接行动时,他们的中国同志则鼓吹(至少是暂时的)资产阶级统治,并试图缓和由十月革命引发的激进社会风气。在中国,行会社会主义被剥夺了其反叛和好战的成分,转变为一种温和的、观望的理论,在张看来,这种理论可以在精英主义和大众民主之间取得完美的平衡。张对行会社会主义的精英式解读,显示了他追求中国政治现代性的能动性和野心,但具有讽刺意味的是,正是他对行会社会主义的积极重新诠释,决定了中国行会社会主义的命运。
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Tempered Radicalism: Zhang Dongsun and Chinese Guild Socialism, 1913–1922
Abstract In the 1910s, guild socialism emerged as a response to the particular social and political problems of Britain and as a radical rebel against the established English socialist movement. From the beginning, guild socialism was characterized by its “Englishness”, and its global influences have largely been neglected. Through the case of Zhang Dongsun, a leading Chinese guild socialist, this article provides a transnational and comparative dimension of guild socialism and examines how its ideas were accepted, reinterpreted, and localized in a non-Western context. While English guildsmen propagated a strong anti-capitalist ideology and highlighted industrial democracy, mass self-government, and direct action, their Chinese comrades were advocating, at least temporarily, domination of the bourgeoisie and seeking to temper the radical social ethos motivated by the October Revolution. Guild socialism in China was deprived of its rebellious and militant elements and transformed into a moderate, wait-and-see theory that could, in Zhang's opinion, strike a perfect balance between elitism and mass democracy. Zhang's elitist interpretation of guild socialism showed his agency and ambition in pursuit of political modernity for China, but ironically it was his active reinterpretation that sealed the fate of Chinese guild socialism.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
68
期刊介绍: International Review of Social History, is one of the leading journals in its field. Truly global in its scope, it focuses on research in social and labour history from a comparative and transnational perspective, both in the modern and in the early modern period, and across periods. The journal combines quality, depth and originality of its articles with an open eye for theoretical innovation and new insights and methods from within its field and from contiguous disciplines. Besides research articles, it features surveys of new themes and subject fields, a suggestions and debates section, review essays and book reviews. It is esteemed for its annotated bibliography of social history titles, and also publishes an annual supplement of specially commissioned essays on a current theme.
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