第聂伯罗市条件下马尾松生长季叶片损伤程度评价

O. Seliutina, K. Holoborodko, O. Pakhomov, A. Dubyna
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引用次数: 0

摘要

其中一个独特的环境污染指标是Aesculus hippocastanum Linnaeus, 1753,分布在南温带和北温带大多数欧洲城市的不同生态条件下。长期以来,苦板栗属于高抗性木材品种。但近20年来,由于全球气候变化和人为负荷增加等不利的非生物环境因素的影响,以及植食性和致病性植物的大量繁殖,苦板栗人工林的条件明显恶化。A. hippocastanum尤其遭受栗子矿的危害(Cameraria ohridella Deschka & dimiiz, 1986),它是主要的饲料植物。本研究的目的是评估在第聂伯罗(Dnipro)生长季节,七叶树(Aesculus hippocastanum L.)叶片表面的损害程度。采用m.d. Zerova等人(2007)提出的改进尺度,对饲料植物C. ohridella叶片的损害进行了为期四年(2018-2021)的视觉分析。研究覆盖了第聂伯罗的8个主要公园城市生态系统。在第聂伯罗市建立了四代稳定的C. ohridella。单代栗子矿的发育期为65 ~ 110天。第一代成虫的飞行开始在四月底和五月初。在夏季的3个月进行监测,这3个月对应了最活跃的3代(I、II和III)的主要摄食期。在不同的公园城市生态系统中,海马甲叶片受到的破坏程度不同。所有公园区域的受害比例最高的是8月份,此时三代虫几乎完全取食。苦板栗常见入侵菌的受害面积与生长季节的长短有显著的相关性。根据我们的研究,在所有8个试验田中,与第聂伯罗绿地的主要面积和功能负荷相对应的是,夏季受栗叶影响的面积都有所增加。在四年观察期间(2018-2021年),在第聂伯罗市,这一广义指标从6月的32%到8月的65%不等。这种增加可以用地雷数量的增加来解释,这是由于第二代和第三代C. ohridella的逐渐出现,每一代都比前一代数量更多
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Assessment of leaf damage degree in Aesculus hippocastanum L. during the growing season in the conditions of Dnipro city
One of the unique indicators of environmental pollution is Aesculus hippocastanum Linnaeus, 1753, distributed in different ecological conditions of most European cities in both the southern and northern temperate zones. For a long time bitter chestnut belonged to the number of highly resistant wood species. But in the last two decades, the condition of bitter chestnut plantations has deteriorated significantly due to the impact of adverse abiotic environmental factors (due to global climate change and increasing man-made load), and due to mass reproduction of phytophagous and phytopathogenic. A. hippocastanum especially suffers from chestnut miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka & Dimič, 1986), for which it is the main forage plant. The aim of our study was to assess the degree of damage to the leaf surface of Aesculus hippocastanum L. during the growing season in the Dnipro. Analysis of damage to the leaf blades of the forage plant C. ohridella was performed for four years (2018–2021) visually on a modified scale proposed by M. D. Zerova et al. (2007). The research covered eight main park urban ecosystems of the Dnipro. Four stable generations of C. ohridella were established in the city of Dnipro. The development period of one separate generation of chestnut miner lasts from 65 to 110 days. The beginning of the flight of adults of the first generation occurs at the end of April and the beginning of May. Monitoring was carried out during three summer months, which corresponds to the main feeding period of the three most active generations of C. ohridella (I, II and III). A. hippocastanum leaf blades have been found to be damaged differently in different park urban ecosystems. The highest percentage of damage in all park areas is observed in August, when three generations were almost completely fed. A significant dependence of the area of affected leaves of bitter chestnut common invasive C. ohridella on the period of the growing season was found. According to our research, in all eight test plots, which corresponded to the main area and functional load of the green areas of the Dnipro, during the summer there is an increase in the area affected by the miner leaf in chestnuts. During the four years of observations (2018-2021), in the city of Dnipro, this generalized indicator ranged from 32% in June to 65% in August. This increase can be explained by the increase in the number of mines, due to the gradual emergence of the second and third generations of C. ohridella, each of which is more numerous than the previous one
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