Fuzzy logic-based Energy Management System (EMS) of hybrid power sources: Battery/Super capacitor for electric scooter supply

The use of electric motors instead of internal combustion engines has been increasing in the automotive industry, particularly over the past decade. Studies attempting to use electrical energy as the only source to obtain the required movement from the wheels have run into difficulties due to the limitations of electricity storage units. Li-ion batteries as a power source have shown some interesting characteristics, especially in electric vehicles, but there is still research for development in the storage device. Findings from this research recommend combining battery and supercapacitor technology to power an electric scooter. Both of these power sources are modulated for maximum efficiency in transferring energy to the motors. For this reason, a fuzzy logic-based control algorithm for energy management is developed to keep the battery and supercapacitor at their optimal states of charge (SOC), meet load demands during braking and counter-loading, and boost the energy system's independence. An electric scooter's performance under varying loads is simulated in MATLAB and Simulink to verify the effectiveness of the EMS. The simulation results findings validate the usefulness of the proposed approach and present the novel EMS as very good solution for energy management problem using the fuzzy logic expert system to take decision.