在面对泥石流时,通过脆弱性办法加强秘鲁雨林的灾害风险管理战略

Luis Izquierdo-Horna, Angélica Sánchez-Castro, J. Duran
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摘要

灾害风险管理(DRM)是一个社会过程,旨在预防、减少和定期控制社会中的灾害风险因素,考虑到国家和国际的政策、战略和行动。在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区,有25个国家致力于降低风险,秘鲁是其中之一,有1,535个省和地方政府拥有DRM工具,然而,在秘鲁雨林中,这些工具明显缺乏,这意味着人们不知道在紧急情况下该怎么做。在秘鲁面临的多种灾害中(即地震、群众运动、降雨等),18%是碎片、污泥和雪崩流。正因为如此,加强防灾减灾战略非常重要,特别是在秘鲁雨林,通过跨文化方法降低社会对泥石流的脆弱性。这些战略必须与仙台框架(2015-2030年)保持一致,同时,由于每个部门的多元文化和多语言性质,应对每个地方的具体特征。因此,本研究建议从社会角度对减少脆弱性战略的改进进行全面回顾,并特别强调跨文化维度。为了研究脆弱性因素,分析了暴露、脆弱性和恢复力的条件,以及城市中心、重要线路和服务、贫困水平、社会经济脆弱性和社会组织水平。最后,行政决策、政策组织和执行必须对这种文化多样性作出反应,必须加强它们应付灾害不利影响的能力。
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STRENGTHENING OF DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN THE PERUVIAN RAINFOREST IN THE FACE OF DEBRIS FLOW THROUGH A VULNERABILITY APPROACH
Disaster risk management (DRM) is a social process, which aims to prevent, reduce and periodically control disaster risk factors in society, taking into account both national and international policies, strategies and actions. In Latin America and the Caribbean, 25 countries aim to reduce risk, Peru is one of them with 1,535 provincial and local governments that have DRM instruments, however, in the Peruvian rainforest, there is a notable lack of these, meaning the population does not know what to do in an emergency situation. Of the multiple hazards to which Peru is exposed (i.e., earthquakes, mass movements, rainfall, etc.), 18% of these are debris, sludge and avalanche flows. Because of this, it is important to strengthen DRM strategies, specifically in the Peruvian rainforest, through an intercultural approach to reduce the level of social vulnerability to the debris flow. These strategies have to align with the Sendai Framework (2015–2030) and, at the same time, respond to the specific characteristics of each place due to the multicultural and multilingual nature of each sector. Therefore, this research proposes a holistic review for the improvement of vulnerability reduction strategies in social terms, with special emphasis on the intercultural dimension. In order to study the vulnerability factor, the conditions of exposure, fragility, and resilience were analysed, as well as urban centres, vital lines and services, poverty levels, socioeconomic fragility, and social organization levels. Finally, administrative decision-making, policy organization and implementation must respond to this cultural diversity and their capacities to cope with the adverse effects of disasters need to be strengthened.
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