Common birch (Betula pendula Roth.): Chemical composition and biological activity of isolates

The common birch (Betula pendula Roth., Betulaceae) is widespread in moderate and northern climatic zones. It is used in traditional medicine of many countries, and its positive effects on human health were recognized a long time ago. It belongs to a group of medicinal plants. Numerous studies on the chemical composition and activity of the birch isolates are aimed at confirming their biological effects and the use in traditional medicine. A large number of bioactive compounds have been isolated from buds, juice (sap), leaves and bark of common birch. The composition varies depending on the variety, age of the plant, geographical area, the methods of isolation and the analysis used. However, the chemical composition of the isolates has been partially studied, and further investigations are required. Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, antiproliferative, antirheumatoid, uteroprotective, antiallergic and gastroprotective activity of the isolates have been established. That opens the possibility of its potential use in the prevention and treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. Further preclinical and clinical studies are needed in order to create and apply preparations based on common birch isolates.