主要油籽蛋白的多肽组成和提取蛋白产品的功能特性:简明综述

IF 1.9 4区 农林科学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI:10.1002/aocs.12740
Rotimi E. Aluko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

种植油籽主要是为了获得油分,但脱脂后剩下的残渣(粕)是植物蛋白配料的绝佳来源。然而,要成为有用的配料,提取的蛋白质必须在功能性能方面满足行业的期望。蛋白质的功能性受结构构象、氨基酸组成、多肽类型、非蛋白质物质(碳水化合物、脂类和多酚)的存在等因素的影响,而这些因素又可通过提取方法加以改变。脱脂油籽粉的提取大多采用 pH 值转换法,即先进行碱溶解,然后在等电点处进行酸诱导蛋白质沉淀。另一种不太流行的方法称为蛋白质胶束法,即用氯化钠溶液提取油籽粕蛋白质,然后稀释该溶液,使离子强度降低到蛋白质不再可溶的程度,从而使蛋白质沉淀。第三种方法是利用碳水化合物酶和植酸酶,先将油籽粕中的非蛋白质物质消化成较小的单位,然后通过膜超滤去除,留下富含蛋白质的提取物。这些方法主要生产两种分离的油籽蛋白,即浓缩物(蛋白质含量为 60%-89% )和分离物(蛋白质含量≥90%),它们在蛋白质构象、溶解性和作为食品配料的功能性方面可能有所不同。因此,本综述概述了大豆、花生、油菜籽、大麻籽、向日葵和芝麻籽蛋白质的提取和分离以及结构和功能特性。
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Polypeptide composition of major oilseed proteins and functional properties of extracted protein products: A concise review

Oilseeds are grown mainly for their oil content but the residues (meals) that remain after defatting are excellent sources of plant protein ingredients. However, to serve as useful ingredients, the extracted proteins must meet industry expectations in terms of functional performance. Protein functionality is influenced by structural conformation, amino acid composition, type of polypeptides, presence of non-protein materials (carbohydrates, lipids, and polyphenols), which in turn can be modified by the extraction method. Defatted oilseed meals are extracted mostly through the pH shift method, which involves alkaline solubilization followed by acid-induced protein precipitation at the isoelectric point. A less popular method is called the protein micellar mass whereby the oilseed meal proteins are extracted with a NaCl solution, which is later diluted to reduce the ionic strength to a level where the proteins are no longer soluble and hence precipitate. A third method utilizes carbohydrases and phytases to first digest non-protein materials from the oilseed meal into smaller units that are then removed by membrane ultrafiltration to leave behind a protein-rich extract. These methods produce mainly two types of isolated oilseed proteins, concentrates (60%–89% protein content) and isolates (≥90% protein content), which can differ in terms of their protein conformation, solubility, and functionality as food ingredients. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the extraction and isolation as well as structural and functional properties of soybean, peanut, canola, hemp seed, sunflower, and sesame seed proteins.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
5.00%
发文量
95
审稿时长
2.4 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society (JAOCS) is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes significant original scientific research and technological advances on fats, oils, oilseed proteins, and related materials through original research articles, invited reviews, short communications, and letters to the editor. We seek to publish reports that will significantly advance scientific understanding through hypothesis driven research, innovations, and important new information pertaining to analysis, properties, processing, products, and applications of these food and industrial resources. Breakthroughs in food science and technology, biotechnology (including genomics, biomechanisms, biocatalysis and bioprocessing), and industrial products and applications are particularly appropriate. JAOCS also considers reports on the lipid composition of new, unique, and traditional sources of lipids that definitively address a research hypothesis and advances scientific understanding. However, the genus and species of the source must be verified by appropriate means of classification. In addition, the GPS location of the harvested materials and seed or vegetative samples should be deposited in an accredited germplasm repository. Compositional data suitable for Original Research Articles must embody replicated estimate of tissue constituents, such as oil, protein, carbohydrate, fatty acid, phospholipid, tocopherol, sterol, and carotenoid compositions. Other components unique to the specific plant or animal source may be reported. Furthermore, lipid composition papers should incorporate elements of year­to­year, environmental, and/ or cultivar variations through use of appropriate statistical analyses.
期刊最新文献
Issue Information Issue Information JAOCS special issue on advancement in plant protein-based emulsions Issue Information Issue Information
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