亚速夫斯塔尔港(乌克兰马里乌波尔)海洋人工航道主要淤积因子的估算

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The comparative analysis of modern hydrometeorological conditions, including the dominant influence of wind activity, the velocity and the direction of currents according to actual data, the transparency of sea water, the runoff the river Kalmius had been done. The available images of DigitalGlobe’s remote sensing satellites and dredging results, which were periodically performed to support the depths on the sea marine channel to the port water area, were examined. Modern and retrospective data of bathymetric surveys using GIS processing technologies for comparing the results, as well as standard methods of statistical data processing were also used. Results. During the investigated period, the images of the Earth's remote sensing satellites from DigitalGlobe were studied. An anthropogenic impact to the silting in the study area was revealed (the turning point between 0 km of the marine channel of the port and the shallow water area of the port of Azovstal). For compare the depths in the investigated area which is under the the river Kalmius influence positions of the surveyed post had been established. As result of analysis of direct measurement data and graphic material the permanent silting of the marine channel was not established as well as the direct statistical relationship between the silting and the river run incoming with suspended matter with Kalmius river. The main process of sedimentation determines by the Don river. The upper limit of maximum sedimentation is 5–7 ‰, coincides with the investigated area, where theoretically one should expect the process of accumulation of bottom sediments. Conclusion. The result of comparing Kalmius river runoff with depths in the marine channel of the port of Azovstal, in the area of area of river mouth, revealed there is not representative statistical relationship. It is necessary monitoring data for a long period of data for representative comparing the runoff Kalmius river and siling processes. In modern period the runoff of the Don river is significantly deformed under the influence of anthropogenic factors and the representative statistical estimation have to be done using only the direct measurements, which are fairly limited. 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The physico-chemical processes in river mouth area, which include the Don and Kuban rivers, limited the transport capacity of the main ports of the Sea of Azov as a result of the silting by suspended matter by the river runoff. The fall of the depths in the the ports and marine channels is one of the key problems of the functioning of the ports. Dredging works and dumping linked with shipping as well as shipping linked with the world economy. It is impossible to abandon shipping, as well it is impossible to abandon the dredging and damping. For this reason, the purpose of the work is to assess the optimal dredging works for the exploitation of the ports of Ukraine in the Sea of Azov. Methods. The comparative analysis of modern hydrometeorological conditions, including the dominant influence of wind activity, the velocity and the direction of currents according to actual data, the transparency of sea water, the runoff the river Kalmius had been done. The available images of DigitalGlobe’s remote sensing satellites and dredging results, which were periodically performed to support the depths on the sea marine channel to the port water area, were examined. Modern and retrospective data of bathymetric surveys using GIS processing technologies for comparing the results, as well as standard methods of statistical data processing were also used. Results. During the investigated period, the images of the Earth's remote sensing satellites from DigitalGlobe were studied. An anthropogenic impact to the silting in the study area was revealed (the turning point between 0 km of the marine channel of the port and the shallow water area of the port of Azovstal). For compare the depths in the investigated area which is under the the river Kalmius influence positions of the surveyed post had been established. As result of analysis of direct measurement data and graphic material the permanent silting of the marine channel was not established as well as the direct statistical relationship between the silting and the river run incoming with suspended matter with Kalmius river. The main process of sedimentation determines by the Don river. The upper limit of maximum sedimentation is 5–7 ‰, coincides with the investigated area, where theoretically one should expect the process of accumulation of bottom sediments. Conclusion. The result of comparing Kalmius river runoff with depths in the marine channel of the port of Azovstal, in the area of area of river mouth, revealed there is not representative statistical relationship. It is necessary monitoring data for a long period of data for representative comparing the runoff Kalmius river and siling processes. 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摘要

目的。包括顿河和库班河在内的河口地区的物理化学过程由于河流径流的悬浮物淤积而限制了亚速海主要港口的运输能力。港口和海洋航道的深度下降是影响港口功能的关键问题之一。疏浚工程和倾倒与航运有关,以及航运与世界经济有关。不可能放弃航运,也不可能放弃疏浚和阻尼。出于这个原因,这项工作的目的是评估在亚速海开采乌克兰港口的最佳疏浚工程。方法。对现代水文气象条件进行了对比分析,包括风活动的主导作用、实际资料中水流的速度和方向、海水的透明度、卡尔米乌斯河的径流量等。研究人员查阅了DigitalGlobe的遥感卫星图像和定期进行的疏浚结果,以支持通往港口水域的海洋航道的深度。还使用了利用地理信息系统处理技术比较结果的现代和回顾性测深数据,以及统计数据处理的标准方法。结果。在研究期间,对DigitalGlobe的地球遥感卫星图像进行了研究。揭示了人为因素对研究区淤积的影响(港口0 km海道与亚速斯塔尔港浅水区之间的转折点)。为了比较受卡尔米乌斯河影响的调查区域的深度,建立了调查哨所的位置。通过对直接测量数据和图形资料的分析,没有建立海道的永久淤积,也没有建立淤积与卡尔米乌斯河的悬浮物来水之间的直接统计关系。主要的沉积过程由顿河决定。最大沉积上限为5 ~ 7‰,与研究区一致,理论上可以预期底部沉积物的堆积过程。结论。在亚速斯塔尔港河口区域内,对卡尔米乌斯河径流与海道深度的比较结果表明,两者之间没有代表性的统计关系。具有代表性的卡尔米乌斯河径流与贮积过程的比较,需要长期的监测数据。近代顿河径流在人为因素影响下发生了明显的变形,具有代表性的统计估计只能通过直接测量来完成,而直接测量的影响有限。然而,顿河径流的减少以及对所研究水域记录能力的直接影响,决定了现阶段挖泥的必要性和技术可及性,并且大大降低了工人的成本。
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The Estimation of the Main Silting Factors in the Marine Artificial Channel of the Azovstal Port (Mari-upol, Ukraine)
Purpose. The physico-chemical processes in river mouth area, which include the Don and Kuban rivers, limited the transport capacity of the main ports of the Sea of Azov as a result of the silting by suspended matter by the river runoff. The fall of the depths in the the ports and marine channels is one of the key problems of the functioning of the ports. Dredging works and dumping linked with shipping as well as shipping linked with the world economy. It is impossible to abandon shipping, as well it is impossible to abandon the dredging and damping. For this reason, the purpose of the work is to assess the optimal dredging works for the exploitation of the ports of Ukraine in the Sea of Azov. Methods. The comparative analysis of modern hydrometeorological conditions, including the dominant influence of wind activity, the velocity and the direction of currents according to actual data, the transparency of sea water, the runoff the river Kalmius had been done. The available images of DigitalGlobe’s remote sensing satellites and dredging results, which were periodically performed to support the depths on the sea marine channel to the port water area, were examined. Modern and retrospective data of bathymetric surveys using GIS processing technologies for comparing the results, as well as standard methods of statistical data processing were also used. Results. During the investigated period, the images of the Earth's remote sensing satellites from DigitalGlobe were studied. An anthropogenic impact to the silting in the study area was revealed (the turning point between 0 km of the marine channel of the port and the shallow water area of the port of Azovstal). For compare the depths in the investigated area which is under the the river Kalmius influence positions of the surveyed post had been established. As result of analysis of direct measurement data and graphic material the permanent silting of the marine channel was not established as well as the direct statistical relationship between the silting and the river run incoming with suspended matter with Kalmius river. The main process of sedimentation determines by the Don river. The upper limit of maximum sedimentation is 5–7 ‰, coincides with the investigated area, where theoretically one should expect the process of accumulation of bottom sediments. Conclusion. The result of comparing Kalmius river runoff with depths in the marine channel of the port of Azovstal, in the area of area of river mouth, revealed there is not representative statistical relationship. It is necessary monitoring data for a long period of data for representative comparing the runoff Kalmius river and siling processes. In modern period the runoff of the Don river is significantly deformed under the influence of anthropogenic factors and the representative statistical estimation have to be done using only the direct measurements, which are fairly limited. Nevertheless, the reduction of Don river runoff and, thus, the direct impact on the recording capacity of the studied water area determines the need for and technological accessibility of dredging at a significantly lower the cost of wokrs at the present stage.
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