弯曲杆菌种类、微生物来源追踪及细菌性病原体风险评估

B. Gulumbe, A. Bazata, M. A. Bagwai
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摘要

弯曲杆菌种类仍然是公共卫生利益的关键病原体。它们每年在全世界造成大约5亿例肠胃炎。感染是通过食用受污染的食物和水发生的。微生物风险评估和源头追踪是有效监测弯曲杆菌病暴发的重要流行病学策略。目前已经提出了多种微生物源跟踪和风险评估方法,其中大多数依赖于传统的微生物技术,如检测粪便指示生物和其他新的微生物源跟踪方法,包括依赖于图书馆的微生物源跟踪和独立于图书馆的微生物源跟踪方法。然而,传统的和新颖的方法都有各自的缺点。例如,虽然传统技术与指示生物与病原体存在之间的相关性较差有关,但另一方面,解释qpcr产生的标记以确定确切的人类健康风险是不切实际的,尽管它可以提供有关潜在来源和相对人类风险的信息。因此,本文提供了弯曲杆菌病的最新信息,各种来源归属的方法,以及细菌病原体的风险评估,包括下一代测序方法,如霰弹枪宏基因组学,它有效地回答了潜在病原体存在和数量的问题。
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Campylobacter Species, Microbiological Source Tracking and Risk Assessment of Bacterial pathogens
Campylobacter species continue to remain critical pathogens of public health interest. They are responsible for approximately 500 million cases of gastroenteritis per year worldwide. Infection occurs through the consumption of contaminated food and water. Microbial risk assessment and source tracking are crucial epidemiological strategies to monitor the outbreak of campylobacteriosis effectively. Various methods have been proposed for microbial source tracking and risk assessment, most of which rely on conventional microbiological techniques such as detecting fecal indicator organisms and other novel microbial source tracking methods, including library-dependent microbial source tracking and library-independent source tracking approaches. However, both the traditional and novel methods have their setbacks. For example, while the conventional techniques are associated with a poor correlation between indicator organism and pathogen presence, on the other hand, it is impractical to interpret qPCR-generated markers to establish the exact human health risks even though it can give information regarding the potential source and relative human risk. Therefore, this article provides up-to-date information on campylobacteriosis, various approaches for source attribution, and risk assessment of bacterial pathogens, including next-generation sequencing approaches such as shotgun metagenomics, which effectively answer the questions of potential pathogens are there and in what quantities.
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