Estimating nonbelief: Translation, cultural adaptation, and statistical validation of the Nonreligious-Nonspiritual Scale in a nationwide Greek sample

Nonbelievers represent an understudied population in Greece. This investigation reports on the translation, cultural adaptation, and initial validation of the Nonreligious-Nonspiritual Scale (NRNSS), a measure designed to assess nonbelief. Data from 1754 participants were collected to examine the psychometric properties of the Greek version of the instrument and to assess the nationwide interpretability of the measure. Factor analyses suggested that the 16-item scale retained its bifactor model. Convergent validity was supported through associations with additional measures, namely, the Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ) and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), which were used as reference criteria. Potential utility of the measure and future directions for ongoing development are discussed.