轻度SARS-CoV-2感染后长达18个月的持续抗体反应

P. G. Choe, Jisu Hong, Jiyoung Park, E. Chang, C. K. Kang, N. Kim, Chang-Han Lee, W. Park, M. Oh
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引用次数: 7

摘要

背景2019轻度冠状病毒病(COVID-19)康复者对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2 (SARS-CoV-2)的体液免疫可能迅速减弱,但对其寿命知之甚少。方法采集20例轻症COVID-19患者感染后8、12、18个月的血清样本。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清抗体(IgA、IgG和IgM)对武汉-1参考株(野生型)和B.1.1.7、P.1、B.1.167.2和B.1.1.529变体SARS-CoV-2抗原的结合活性。使用基于细胞病变效应的活病毒中和试验测定中和抗体滴度。结果血清中检测到野生型SARS-CoV-2刺突或受体结合域(RBD)蛋白的IgA和IgG抗体持续18个月,中和抗体在感染后持续8 ~ 18个月。然而,没有观察到针对SARS-CoV-2变体RBD蛋白的任何显著抗体反应,并且在8、12和18个月时针对Delta变体的中位中和抗体滴度比针对野生型病毒的中位中和抗体滴度低8 - 11倍(P < 0.001)。结论轻度COVID-19患者感染SARS-CoV-2后体液免疫可持续18个月。然而,针对最近流行变种的体液免疫活性在这一人群中有所降低。
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Persistent Antibody Responses up to 18 Months after Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Abstract Background Humoral immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may wane rapidly in persons recovered from mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but little is known about the longevity. Methods Serum samples were obtained 8, 12, and 18 months after infection from 20 patients with mild COVID-19. The binding activities of serum antibodies (IgA, IgG, and IgM) against SARS-CoV-2 antigens of the Wuhan-1 reference strain (wild-type) and the B.1.1.7, P.1, B.1.167.2, and B.1.1.529 variants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Neutralizing antibody titers were measured using a cytopathic effect-based live virus neutralization assay. Results Serum IgA and IgG antibodies against spike or receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 were detected for up to 18 months, and neutralizing antibodies persisted for 8 to 18 months after infection. However, any significant antibody responses against RBD proteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants were not observed, and median neutralizing antibody titers against the Delta variant at 8, 12, and 18 months were 8–11 fold lower than against wild-type viruses (P < .001). Conclusions Humoral immunity persisted for up to 18 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with mild COVID-19. Humoral immune activity against more recently circulating variants, however, was reduced in this population.
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