中国地表水微塑料水质标准及生态风险评价研究

Xiaoli Shen, Yaqin Shen, Zhi-Qing Zhao, Xuesong Liu, Fanfan Wang, Hailei Su, Yuan Wei
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引用次数: 4

摘要

微塑料(MPs)广泛存在于水生环境中,对水生生物造成危害,对人类健康构成威胁。因此,MP风险评估受到越来越多的关注;但中国地表水MPs的水质标准(WQC)研究较少。本文综述了水生生物中MPs的毒性研究资料,并采用物种敏感性分布法(species sensitivity distribution, SSD)确定了保护水生生物免受MP污染的WQC。标准包括最大浓度(CMC)和连续浓度(CCC)。此外,采用概率法对中国主要水生系统中浮游生物的生态风险进行了评估。CMC和CCC分别为59.42 μg/L (1.67 × 107颗粒/M3)和93.94 μg/L (2.90 × 105颗粒/M3)。长江、珠江、黄河、松花江、辽河、海河、淮河7个水系的MP污染生态风险等级依次为:虽然7条河流的平均浓度都远低于本研究得到的CCC和CMC值,但MP污染可能对某些地区的水生生物产生有害影响,未来需要加强对MP的水质管理。利用微塑料(MP)毒性数据建立物种敏感性分布(SSD)曲线。导出了MPs的最大浓度标准(CMC)和连续浓度标准(CCC)。采用概率方法对中国主要水系的MPs生态风险进行了评价。在某些地区,MP污染可能危害水生生物。
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Study on water quality criteria and ecological risk assessment of microplastics in China’s surface waters
Abstract Microplastics (MPs) are widely present in aquatic environments, causing harm to aquatic organisms and posing a threat to human health. MP risk assessment has therefore attracted increasing attention; yet few studies have been conducted on the water quality criteria (WQC) of MPs in the surface waters of China. Herein, data on the toxicity of MPs in aquatic species were reviewed, and the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method was employed to determine the WQC for the protection of aquatic organisms against MP pollution. Criteria included the maximum concentration (CMC) and the continuous concentration (CCC). In addition, the ecological risk posed by MPs in China’s main aquatic systems was assessed using a probabilistic method. The CMC and CCC were estimated at 59.42 μg/L (1.67 × 107 particles/M3) and 93.94 μg/L (2.90 × 105 particles/M3), respectively. The ecological risk levels of MP pollution across the seven aquatic systems in China were as follows: Yangtze, Pearl, Yellow, SongHua, LiaoHe, HaiHe, and HuaiHe Rivers. Although the average concentrations of seven rivers are all far lower than the CCC and CMC values obtained in this study, MP pollution might have harmful effects on aquatic organisms in some regions, necessitating tighter water quality management with regard to MPs in the future. HIGHLIGHTS Species sensitivity distribution (SSD) curves were established using microplastic (MP) toxicity data. The criteria maximum concentration (CMC) and criteria continuous concentration (CCC) of MPs for protection of aquatic organisms were derived. A probabilistic method was used to assess the ecological risk of MPs in major Chinese river systems. MP pollution might harm aquatic organisms in certain regions.
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