无水与亚/超临界水热解后油页岩纳米孔结构变化的比较

Yaolin Yang, Xianda Sun, Wei Li
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摘要

油页岩是非常规资源的重要组成部分,被认为是传统石油资源的重要替代品。目前油页岩地下原位转化方法主要针对浅层储层,难以应用于深度超过1000m的油页岩原位开采。鉴于高压亚/超临界水的可携性、可压裂性和采出性特点,已成为深部油页岩原位开采的研究方向。油页岩孔隙结构演化是探索亚超临界水热解油气生产机理的基础,对提高深部油页岩亚超临界水原位注入开发利用具有重要的理论和科学意义。因此,本文以抚顺盆地古近系集军屯组油页岩为研究对象。利用高温高压烃源岩热解模拟装置,对油页岩进行无水(电加热)、亚临界水和超临界水三种方式的热解实验。采用XRD和低温氮吸附技术研究了不同热解方式下纳米孔结构的演化特征。结果表明:与相同温度下的无水热解相比,亚/超临界水热解后油页岩3 ~ 30 nm的孔隙尺寸显著增大;高岭石-伊利石石化现象增多,整体弱酸性环境更有利于伊利石向伊利石-蒙脱石混合层矿物转化,更容易增大油页岩孔隙空间,有利于产出油气的运移和聚集。
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Comparison of Change in Nanopore Structure of Oil Shale after Anhydrous and Sub/Supercritical Water Pyrolysis
Oil shale is an important part of unconventional resources, which is considered as an important replacement for traditional oil resources. At present, the underground in-situ conversion method of oil shale is mainly aimed at shallow reservoirs, and it is difficult to apply to in-situ exploitation of oil shale with a depth of more than 1000m. In view of the portability, fracturing and extraction characteristics of high-pressure sub/supercritical water, it has become the research direction of in-situ mining of deep oil shale. The evolution of pore structure of oil shale is the basis for exploring the production mechanism of sub/supercritical water pyrolysis of oil and gas, which has important theoretical and scientific significance for improving the development and utilization of in-situ injection of sub/supercritical water in deep oil shale. Therefore, in this paper, the oil shale of Jijuntun Formation of Paleogene in Fushun Basin is taken as the research object. The pyrolysis experiments of oil shale in three ways, namely, water-free (electric heating), subcritical water and supercritical water, are carried out by means of high temperature and high-pressure source rock pyrolysis simulation device. The evolution characteristics of nano-pore structure under different pyrolysis methods are studied by XRD and low temperature nitrogen adsorption technology. The results show that, compared with anhydrous pyrolysis at the same temperature, the pore size of 3-30 nm of oil shale increases significantly after sub/supercritical water pyrolysis. The phenomenon of kaolinite illite fossilization increases, and the overall weak acidic environment is more conducive to the transformation of illite into Illite and montmorillonite mixed layer minerals, easier to increase the pore space in oil shale, and conducive to the migration and accumulation of produced oil and gas.
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