多样性不足:2013-2014年乌克兰独立广场起义的非暴力杠杆和激进化问题

Q1 Arts and Humanities Journal of Eurasian Studies Pub Date : 2020-06-14 DOI:10.1177/1879366520928363
Volodymyr Ishchenko
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引用次数: 8

摘要

这篇文章解释了2014年1月最初和平的独立广场起义的暴力激进化,因为未能通过非暴力方法建立有效的杠杆来对抗亚努科维奇。独立广场缺乏非暴力策略的关键多样性,因为直接破坏性的不合作方法(例如罢工和抵制)仍然是小规模和低效的。独立广场抗议联盟主要缺乏社会组织资源,即权威的公民社会组织和强大的劳工运动,无法发展非暴力手段,这部分与意识形态和地区多样性的差距有关,部分与不利的结构条件有关。然而,积极参与抗议活动的激进民族主义者拥有独特的资源组合,可以发起和扩散有效的、协调的和战略性的暴力,当它通过加强镇压和对反对派政党无力提出有效的反政府战略的幻灭而变得合法时。通过占领乌克兰西部和中部地区的政府大楼,暴力激进化推动了破坏活动在地理上的扩大,而乌克兰政府最终无力遏制这些地区。
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Insufficiently diverse: The problem of nonviolent leverage and radicalization of Ukraine’s Maidan uprising, 2013–2014
The article explains the violent radicalization of the initially peaceful Maidan uprising in January 2014 as the result of failure to build efficient leverage against Viktor Yanukovych with nonviolent methods. Maidan lacked critical diversity of nonviolent tactics insofar as directly disruptive methods of noncooperation (e.g., strikes and boycott) remained small-scale and inefficient. The Maidan protest coalition primarily lacked social-organizational resources, i.e. authoritative civil society organizations and strong labor movement, for developing nonviolent leverage that was partially connected to gaps in ideological and regional diversity and partially to unfavorable structural conditions. However, radical nationalists actively participating in the protests possessed a unique combination of resources for initiating and diffusing efficient, coordinated, and strategic violence when it became legitimated by intensifying repressions and disillusionment in the incapacity of the oppositional political parties to propose an efficient strategy against the government. Violent radicalization facilitated geographical expansion of disruption via occupations of governmental buildings in western and central Ukrainian regions that the state was ultimately incapable of containing.
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来源期刊
Journal of Eurasian Studies
Journal of Eurasian Studies Arts and Humanities-History
CiteScore
2.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
15
审稿时长
8 weeks
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