讽刺:21世纪巴基斯坦电视政治讽刺对美国的反叙事批评

Y. Abbas, A. Aziz
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摘要

该研究指出,在21世纪初,不同的巴基斯坦喜剧电视政治讽刺节目开始讨论时事和国际关系。在新世纪,美国仍然是巴基斯坦电视讽刺的主要目标之一。研究发现,巴基斯坦的电视讽刺作品有效地暴露了美国外交政策的缺陷。巴基斯坦电视讽刺作家对美国的剥削性新殖民主义事业非常不满。这部讽刺作品谴责了美国的反伊斯兰叙事和伊斯兰恐惧症;侵略其他国家并侵犯其主权;对石油和权力的欲望;功利主义外交政策;以及反恐战争的虚假借口。本研究分析了两部具有代表性的电视剧的相关讽刺内容。该研究认为,21世纪巴基斯坦的电视讽刺可能被视为一种反叙事。此外,该研究使用亚瑟·阿萨·伯杰的幽默分类(1993)来解释讽刺背后的手段,使其有效。通过这种方式,这项研究突出了巴基斯坦电视讽刺作品的文学价值。研究认为,巴基斯坦电视讽刺文学可以被视为政治讽刺文学的一个亚类型。
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Satire as Counter-Narrative Criticism of USA in Twenty-first Century Pakistani Televisual Political Satire
The study observes that in the early twenty-first century different Pakistani comic televisual political satire shows started discussing current affairs and international relations. The United States of America remains one of the main targets of Pakistani televisual satire in the new century. The research finds that Pakistani televisual satire effectively exposes the flaws of the US foreign policy. Pakistani televisual satirists are very critical of America’s exploitative neocolonial enterprise. The satire among other things condemns America’s anti-Islam narrative and Islamophia; invasion of other nations and violation of their sovereignty; lust for oil and power; utilitarian foreign policy; and false pretexts for the war on terror. The research analyses the relevant satirical content of two of the representative shows. The study argues that the twenty-first century Pakistani televisual satire may be regarded as a counter-narrative. Additionally, the study uses Arthur Asa Berger’s classification of humour (1993) to explain the devices behind the satire making it effective. In this way, the study highlights the literary merit of Pakistani televisual satire. The research proposes that Pakistani televisual satire may be acknowledged as a subgenre of political satire.  
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