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Examining The Mediating Role of Workplace Incivility Between Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Commitment 工作场所不文明行为在情绪智力与组织承诺之间的中介作用研究
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2023.07011905
Bushra Mahmood, Muhammad Ramzan, Javaria Zafar
Incivility in the workplace is becoming more common and has been linked to higher job stress, depression, and anxiety. Moreover, it has been linked to decreasing productivity, job satisfaction, and organisational commitment. In spite of the financial and emotional costs that incivility imposes on companies and people, very little study has been done on the many measures that might be employed to mitigate these costs. The purpose of this research was to investigate how workplace incivility affects the relationship between emotional intelligence and commitment to a business. The quantitative methodology was used for the data collection process, which consisted of administering surveys to a certain number of participants. In order to conduct an analysis of the gathered information, the researcher made use of SPSS as well as Smart PLS SEM. According to the findings of this study, emotional intelligence has a positive and significant relationship with organizational commitment. The research revealed that incivility in the workplace serves as a mediator, and that in this capacity, emotional intelligence and organizational commitment are significantly related. It was found that emotional intelligence has a connection to job-related outcomes by virtue of the adverse consequences it has on incivility in the workplace. Emotionally intelligent academics should be recruited, promoted, and retained by universities. It seems logical to construct anti-incivility programs with the primary goal of fostering the development of abilities related to emotional intelligence. The findings of the present research indicate that emotional intelligence may be a valuable technique for proactively addressing incivility in the workplace.
工作场所的不文明行为正变得越来越普遍,并与更高的工作压力、抑郁和焦虑有关。此外,它还与生产力下降、工作满意度和组织承诺有关。尽管不文明行为给公司和个人带来了经济和情感上的成本,但关于可以用来减轻这些成本的许多措施的研究却很少。本研究的目的是调查工作场所的不文明行为如何影响情商和对企业的承诺之间的关系。数据收集过程采用了定量方法,其中包括对一定数量的参与者进行调查。为了进行收集的信息的分析,研究人员利用SPSS以及智能PLS扫描电镜。本研究发现,情绪智力与组织承诺之间存在显著的正向关系。研究发现,工作场所的不文明行为起到了中介作用,在这种作用下,情商和组织承诺显著相关。研究发现,情商与工作相关的结果有关,因为它会对工作场所的不礼貌行为产生不利影响。大学应该招募、提拔和留住高情商的学者。以培养与情商相关的能力为主要目标,构建反不文明项目似乎是合乎逻辑的。目前的研究结果表明,情商可能是一种有价值的技术,可以主动解决工作场所的不文明行为。
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引用次数: 0
Examining E- Satisfaction as Mediator between Banking Mobile Application Quality Factors and Consumers E-Loyalty 电子满意度在银行手机应用质量因素与消费者电子忠诚之间的中介作用研究
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2023.07011912
Syeeda Shafiya, None Shaheera Amin, Muhammad Hasnain Ali
This research aims to assess the impact of electronic banking mobile application quality factors, such as application design, trust, and reliability, on users' electronic loyalty in Pakistan's commercial banking sector. In addition, the influence of e-satisfaction as a mediator in the link between the quality characteristics of e-banking mobile apps and users' e-loyalty was investigated. A convenience sample of 218 clients of conventional banks in Pakistan provided the data. The questionnaire was derived from previously published works. The results indicated that reliability and trust have a significant impact on e-loyalty, but the design of mobile applications had a negligible impact. This study employs Cognitive-motivational-relational theory to examine the current literature on e-banking through the mediation function of electronic satisfaction. The current research aims to provide recommendations for increasing consumer loyalty and customer satisfaction in the commercial banking sectors of emerging economies. The current research aims to provide recommendations for increasing consumer loyalty and customer satisfaction in the commercial banking sectors of emerging economies. The study contributes to the understanding of the importance of mobile application quality factors in enhancing e-satisfaction, which in turn leads to e-loyalty.
本研究旨在评估巴基斯坦商业银行部门电子银行移动应用程序质量因素,如应用程序设计、信任和可靠性对用户电子忠诚度的影响。此外,研究了电子满意度在电子银行手机应用质量特征与用户电子忠诚之间的中介作用。对巴基斯坦218名传统银行客户的方便抽样提供了数据。问卷来源于以前发表的作品。结果表明,可靠性和信任对电子忠诚有显著影响,但移动应用程序设计的影响可以忽略不计。本研究运用认知-动机-关系理论,透过电子满意度的中介作用,检视目前有关电子银行的文献。本研究旨在为提高新兴经济体商业银行部门的消费者忠诚度和客户满意度提供建议。本研究旨在为提高新兴经济体商业银行部门的消费者忠诚度和客户满意度提供建议。该研究有助于理解移动应用质量因素对提高电子满意度的重要性,进而导致电子忠诚度。
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引用次数: 0
Sino-US Contestation and Its Implications for South Asia 中美争端及其对南亚的影响
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2023.07011890
Usman Zulfiqar Ali
The United States and China are facing a contestation across the world as Beijing’s rise and its economic indicators show their emergence in global mainstream. There are apprehensions that it can pose a challenge to the US led liberal world order, formatting alternate mechanism of global governance. China is competing with US in global technological trade along with having flagship projects such as BRI containing 147 countries in it. US and its allies are also doing some counter measures in the form of B3W etc. to contain China yet faces no success. In South Asia, Pakistan and India are having multiple benefits from China such as the huge trade of technological equipment etc. as compared to the United States which is losing its place as a major trade partner. This has generated a test case scenario for the South Asian neighbours to pick either of the major powers. Earlier studies have claimed the growing tendencies of good relations between India and China, but lacked the topic on South Asia with respect to Sino-US rivalry as it is nascent debate in scholarly clubs. Meanwhile, Islamabad as well as New-Delhi find a prudent policy approach in longer future. In this way, using the qualitative techniques of data collection the paper addressed the rising question of Impacts on Foreign Policy of Pakistan and India in such a situation.
随着中国的崛起及其经济指标显示中国正在成为全球主流,美国和中国正面临着一场全球性的竞争。有人担心,它可能对美国领导的自由世界秩序构成挑战,形成另一种全球治理机制。中国在全球技术贸易中与美国竞争,并拥有包括147个国家的“一带一路”等旗舰项目。美国及其盟友也采取了一些反制措施,以B3W等形式遏制中国,但没有成功。在南亚,巴基斯坦和印度从中国获得了多重好处,比如技术设备的巨额贸易等,而美国正在失去其作为主要贸易伙伴的地位。这为南亚邻国在两个大国中任选其一创造了一个测试场景。早期的研究声称印度和中国之间的良好关系日益增长的趋势,但缺乏关于中美竞争的南亚话题,因为这是学术俱乐部的新生辩论。与此同时,伊斯兰堡和新德里在更长的未来找到了谨慎的政策方针。通过这种方式,利用数据收集的定性技术,本文解决了在这种情况下对巴基斯坦和印度外交政策的影响这一日益严重的问题。
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引用次数: 0
Ecological Footprint Towards Sustainable Development: A bibliometric analysis 面向可持续发展的生态足迹:文献计量学分析
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2023.07011879
None Nimra Razzaq, Mahwish Zafar, Amir Ilyas
The present empirical study aims to analyze the ecological footprint because Climate change has become a global phenomenon due to its threat to sustainable development. This examine a bibliometric analysis to adjust the present knowledge from 761 publications related to ecological footprint from this period, covering 33 countries, 31 source , 150 institutions, 585 funding agencies, and 172 authors. between 2013 and 2022. This research evaluated citation restraints and co-Authorship networks to acknowledge contributions from select authors, organizations, and countries. Next, a co-citation breakdown of the prior literature identified four major thematic areas: ecological footprint, sustainability, climate change, the carbon footprint, and development'. For this, we use R studio productive techniques which include two types of methods first descriptive analysis like documents, and authors. Overview while another type contains structural analysis. The statistical software tool R package and VOS viewer are used to do all of these operations. The findings show that ecological footprint is a key tool for long-term environment development. This Study offers policy recommendations for creating long-term good governance that will assist national economic development. Key words: Bibliometric analysis, Content analysis, Ecological Footprint, Network analysis, Sustainable development
由于气候变化对可持续发展的威胁已成为一种全球性现象,因此本实证研究旨在分析生态足迹。本文通过文献计量分析,调整了这一时期761份与生态足迹相关的出版物的现有知识,这些出版物涵盖33个国家、31个来源、150个机构、585个资助机构和172位作者。从2013年到2022年。本研究评估了引文限制和共同作者网络,以确认来自选定作者、组织和国家的贡献。接下来,对先前文献进行共被引细分,确定了四个主要主题领域:生态足迹、可持续性、气候变化、碳足迹和发展。为此,我们使用R studio生产技术,其中包括两种类型的方法,第一种是描述性分析,如文档和作者。概述,而另一种类型包含结构分析。统计软件工具R包和VOS查看器用于完成所有这些操作。研究结果表明,生态足迹是长期环境发展的关键工具。本研究为建立有助于国家经济发展的长期善治提供了政策建议。关键词:文献计量分析,内容分析,生态足迹,网络分析,可持续发展& # x0D;& # x0D;
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 Key words: Bibliometric analysis, Content analysis, Ecological Footprint, Network analysis, Sustainable development
 
 
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引用次数: 0
Hardiness, Coping Strategies and Professional Quality of life among practicing Clinical Psychologists 临床心理医生的适应力、应对策略与职业生活质量
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2023.07011904
Mahum Justin, Zara Haroon, Masha Asad Khan
With the increase in the crisis, not only have awareness been created but an active participation of clinical psychologist in the various fields have been observed which may be beneficial to the people but can also be burdensome for the personnel working in the field. To investigate the association between hardiness, coping strategies and professional quality of life among practicing clinical psychologists. Correlational Research design was employed on 80 clinical psychologist selected through purposive sampling between the ages of 26 to 40 years. Participants were assessed using Hardiness Resilience Gauge Scale, Brief Cope Inventory and Professional Quality of Life scale. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 22. The data analyzed showed an association between the study variables. Multiple hierarchal regression analysis revealed that prediction exists between variables. The findings were further discussed in the light of existing literature and theory.
随着危机的加剧,不仅人们提高了认识,而且临床心理学家在各个领域的积极参与也被观察到,这可能对人们有益,但对在该领域工作的人员来说也可能是负担。目的探讨在职临床心理医师的适应力、应对策略与职业生活质量的关系。采用相关性研究设计,通过目的抽样,选取年龄在26 ~ 40岁之间的80名临床心理学家。采用适应力量表、简易应对量表和职业生活质量量表对参与者进行评估。数据采用SPSS version 22进行分析。分析的数据显示了研究变量之间的关联。多元层次回归分析表明,变量之间存在预测。结合已有的文献和理论对研究结果进行了进一步的讨论。
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引用次数: 1
Understanding the Impact of Service Convenience on Customer Satisfaction in Home Delivery: Evidence from Karachi 了解送货上门服务便利性对顾客满意度的影响:来自卡拉奇的证据
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2023.07011925
None Zoha Kashif, None Muhammad Waqas, Tehseen Azhar
The rise of e-commerce caused by the growing popularity of the world wide web, electronic gadgets, and social media, has led to a constant upward trend in online shopping in Pakistan. Home delivery is crucial to online shoppers because if the product does not reach their desired destination, the purchase made will be conceived as inconvenient by the buyer. This study aims to identify how five kinds of conveniences, i.e., decision convenience, access convenience, transaction convenience, benefit convenience, and post benefit convenience, impact how satisfied customers are by the services provided by online retailers during home delivery. 110 individuals who availed a home delivery service over the past year took part in the study, and customer experience was observed as they were offered different conveniences at the various stages of home delivery. After performing a regression analysis, results show that four independent variables have a positive and significant impact on the dependent variable, while the impact of benefit convenience, the fifth variable, is insignificant. These results show us that the timely and correct delivery of products does not impact satisfaction as long as the provider offers a convenient post purchase return policy. They also show that decision convenience, post benefit, and transaction convenience have the greatest impacts on customer satisfaction. Access convenience and benefit convenience are also shown to have a high impact on the dependent variable. Based on these findings, we recommend that online retailers pay more attention to offering convenience services to their customers to improve satisfaction.
由于互联网、电子产品和社交媒体的日益普及,电子商务的兴起导致了巴基斯坦网上购物的持续上升趋势。送货上门对网上购物者来说至关重要,因为如果产品没有到达他们想要的目的地,买家就会觉得购买不方便。本研究旨在探讨决策便利、获取便利、交易便利、利益便利和事后便利这五种便利因素对网络零售商上门配送服务满意度的影响。在过去的一年中,有110名使用送货上门服务的人参与了这项研究,并观察了他们在送货上门的不同阶段获得不同便利的客户体验。经过回归分析,结果显示四个自变量对因变量有正向显著影响,而第五个变量利益便利的影响不显著。这些结果告诉我们,只要供应商提供方便的购买后退货政策,及时和正确的交付产品不会影响满意度。决策便利性、事后效益和交易便利性对顾客满意度的影响最大。访问便利性和效益便利性对因变量也有很大的影响。基于这些发现,我们建议在线零售商更加注重为顾客提供便利服务,以提高满意度。
{"title":"Understanding the Impact of Service Convenience on Customer Satisfaction in Home Delivery: Evidence from Karachi","authors":"None Zoha Kashif, None Muhammad Waqas, Tehseen Azhar","doi":"10.54692/ajss.2023.07011925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54692/ajss.2023.07011925","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of e-commerce caused by the growing popularity of the world wide web, electronic gadgets, and social media, has led to a constant upward trend in online shopping in Pakistan. Home delivery is crucial to online shoppers because if the product does not reach their desired destination, the purchase made will be conceived as inconvenient by the buyer. This study aims to identify how five kinds of conveniences, i.e., decision convenience, access convenience, transaction convenience, benefit convenience, and post benefit convenience, impact how satisfied customers are by the services provided by online retailers during home delivery. 110 individuals who availed a home delivery service over the past year took part in the study, and customer experience was observed as they were offered different conveniences at the various stages of home delivery. After performing a regression analysis, results show that four independent variables have a positive and significant impact on the dependent variable, while the impact of benefit convenience, the fifth variable, is insignificant. These results show us that the timely and correct delivery of products does not impact satisfaction as long as the provider offers a convenient post purchase return policy. They also show that decision convenience, post benefit, and transaction convenience have the greatest impacts on customer satisfaction. Access convenience and benefit convenience are also shown to have a high impact on the dependent variable. Based on these findings, we recommend that online retailers pay more attention to offering convenience services to their customers to improve satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136301204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Threats to Various Components of Human Security Cause Brain Drain in Pakistan 对人类安全各组成部分的威胁导致巴基斯坦人才流失
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2023.07011914
Syed Sibtain Hussain Shah, Arshad Mehmood
The aim of this scientific paper is to investigate different aspects of insecurity which cause the brain drain in Pakistan, witnessing numerous challenges to the human security for a long time. The research encompasses the period from 2000 to 2021 covering various threats to human protections such as personal, community, economic and political securities in the country. The authors applied process tracing method of qualitative approach under applied research model for examining chains of the events related to absence of human security causing brain drain in Pakistan. The secondary data was used to extensively probe the issues concerning brain drain and its reasons. The study identified the aforementioned characteristics of the human insecurity which exacerbate the brain drain in Pakistan. For example personal security which became under threats due to rising violent extremism and terrorism in the post 2000 era. The community security as a part of human security, also faced threats from the violent extermist and militant organizations. The economic insecurity was aggravated by inequitable socio- economic conditions in the country, which trigger brain drain among unemployed youth. The country’s political system as a part of political security faced instability and insecurity due to conflictual political environment in the country.
这篇科学论文的目的是调查导致巴基斯坦人才流失的不安全的不同方面,见证了长期以来对人类安全的众多挑战。该研究涵盖了2000年至2021年期间,涵盖了该国个人、社区、经济和政治安全等人类保护面临的各种威胁。作者在应用研究模型下,运用定性方法的过程追踪方法,考察了巴基斯坦人力安全缺失导致人才流失的相关事件链。利用二手数据对人才流失问题及其原因进行了广泛的探讨。该研究确定了上述加剧巴基斯坦人才流失的人类不安全的特点。例如,2000年后,由于暴力极端主义和恐怖主义的兴起,人身安全受到威胁。社区安全作为人类安全的一部分,也面临着来自暴力极端分子和武装组织的威胁。该国不公平的社会经济条件加剧了经济不安全,这引发了失业青年的人才流失。该国的政治制度作为政治安全的一部分,由于该国冲突的政治环境而面临不稳定和不安全。& # x0D;& # x0D;
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","PeriodicalId":7068,"journal":{"name":"Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136301205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Water Scarcity in Gwadar: Challenges and Way Forward 瓜达尔水资源短缺:挑战和前进方向
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2023.07011893
Aadersh Humza, Muneeb Ur Rahman
Gwadar is the newest hub of trade for Pakistan, indeed, in the region, lying at the heart of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), but facing serious water scarcity. A comprehensive study on the water scarcity of Gwadar has been carried out. Qualitative research work has been carried out using both the primary and the secondary sources of data by adopting descriptive and analytical approaches. Comprehensive fieldwork was carried out in Gwadar that involved visits to sites and interviews with a variety of stakeholders to collect the relevant data. Sustainable water resources along with better water management, are key to resolving the water scarcity issue. Gwadar, despite being a seaport and having other rain-dependent water resources, has faced water scarcity primarily because of mismanagement by the concerned authorities. The study concludes that the other port cities around the world have excelled with better management in spite of lesser resources of water available as compared to Gwadar. Therefore, Gwadar needs to optimally manage its water resources by utilizing modern means to meet its growing demands for water. It should come at par with the rest of the developed port cities around the world.
瓜达尔港确实是巴基斯坦在该地区最新的贸易中心,位于中巴经济走廊(CPEC)的中心,但面临严重的水资源短缺。对瓜达尔港的缺水问题进行了全面的研究。定性研究工作已通过采用描述性和分析性方法,利用主要和次要数据来源进行。在瓜达尔进行了全面的实地调查,包括实地考察和与各种利益攸关方的访谈,以收集相关数据。可持续的水资源以及更好的水资源管理是解决水资源短缺问题的关键。瓜达尔港虽然是一个海港,并拥有其他依赖雨水的水资源,但主要由于有关当局管理不善而面临缺水问题。该研究得出的结论是,尽管与瓜达尔港相比,世界上其他港口城市的可用水资源较少,但在管理方面表现出色。因此,瓜达尔港需要利用现代手段对水资源进行优化管理,以满足其日益增长的用水需求。它应该与世界上其他发达港口城市看齐。
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引用次数: 0
Do Personality Traits Moderate the Impact of Social-Media Multi-Tasking on Academic Competence? Higher Education Perspective. 人格特质是否会调节社交媒体多任务处理对学术能力的影响?高等教育视角。
Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2023.07011891
Ammara Iftikhar, Irfan Sabir, Muhammad Bilal Majid
The aim of this research study is to investigate the impact of social media multitasking on academic competence. Furthermore, this study also is looking for a moderating role of personality traits including, Openness, Extraversion, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, and agreeableness. As to answer the research questions and hypotheses testing, researchers collected data from different universities that exist in Gujranwala, Pakistan, and valid response from 572 respondents was recorded, including teachers and students. The results were obtained by using M-plus software. The findings of this research indicates that social media multitasking has a significant negative effect on academic competence and indicated that personality traits significantly moderate among social media multitasking and academic competence except agreeableness which shows an insignificant moderation effect between social media multitasking and academic competence. This research study suggested that it is necessity for teachers and parents to motivate students for self-regulation of laptops, mobile phone and multi-tasking behaviors, the significance of encouraging students to acquire self-efficacy and learning. This is the first-time study in Pakistan which investigate a comprehensive model by using social media multi-tasking as an independent variable and academic competence as a dependent variable and drill the five dimensions of personality traits as moderators in this study.
本研究旨在探讨社交媒体多任务处理对学术能力的影响。此外,本研究还探讨了开放性、外倾性、神经质性、尽责性和亲和性等人格特征对其的调节作用。为了回答研究问题和假设检验,研究人员收集了来自巴基斯坦Gujranwala存在的不同大学的数据,记录了572名受访者的有效回复,包括教师和学生。结果采用M-plus软件计算得到。本研究发现,社交媒体多任务处理对学术能力有显著的负向影响,人格特质在社交媒体多任务处理与学术能力之间具有显著的调节作用,但亲和性在社交媒体多任务处理与学术能力之间的调节作用不显著。本研究表明,教师和家长有必要对学生进行笔记本电脑、手机和多任务行为的自我调节,鼓励学生获得自我效能感和学习的意义。本研究首次在巴基斯坦以社交媒体多任务为自变量,以学术能力为因变量,以人格特质的五个维度为调节因子,考察了一个综合模型。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Intellectual Capital on Task Performance in Educational Sector of Lahore: Mediating role of Organizational Learning, and Innovative Work Behavior 拉合尔教育部门智力资本对任务绩效的影响:组织学习和创新工作行为的中介作用
Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.54692/ajss.2023.07011901
Saeeda Mirza, Touseef Ahmad, Eimad Hafeez Gogia
This research looks at the impact of intellectual capital (IC) on task performance (TP) through the mediating role of organizational learning (OL) and innovative work behavior (IWB) in the education sector of Lahore, Pakistan. In order to accomplish the purpose, a theoretical framework has been made in line with literature review, using resource orchestration theory. Pretested investigative tool was used to accomplish a survey from university, college, and private schools in the district of Lahore, during October 2022 to January 2023. By using structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) based on a sample of, 361 questionnaires, which were sent through email and by courier. Out of which 340 answered, 10 incomplete and 11 forms returned un-answered. Regression analysis was applied for hypothesis testing. The main significance of this research is that the performance requirements and improvements in teacher quality will lead to students having the highest level of knowledge, which will help Pakistan rise to the top of the world in the near future. If teachers make the appropriate decisions at the appropriate times and use the appropriate strategies, performance should be accomplished. Since the results relate to a particular point in time, the study has the cross-sectional research limitation. Researchers can plan to conduct a longitudinal analysis in the current sample as part of a future line of research to address the gap. Future research can be expended to other region of Pakistan.
本研究通过组织学习(OL)和创新工作行为(IWB)在巴基斯坦拉合尔教育部门的中介作用,探讨了智力资本(IC)对任务绩效(TP)的影响。为了达到这一目的,在文献综述的基础上,运用资源编排理论构建了一个理论框架。在2022年10月至2023年1月期间,使用预先测试的调查工具完成了对拉合尔地区大学、学院和私立学校的调查。本文采用结构方程模型(PLS-SEM)对通过电子邮件和快递方式寄送的361份问卷进行分析。在340份答卷中,有10份不完整,11份没有答卷。采用回归分析进行假设检验。本研究的主要意义在于,绩效要求和教师素质的提高将导致学生拥有最高水平的知识,这将有助于巴基斯坦在不久的将来登上世界之巅。如果教师在适当的时间做出适当的决定并使用适当的策略,就应该取得成绩。由于研究结果与特定时间点有关,本研究具有横断面研究的局限性。研究人员可以计划在当前样本中进行纵向分析,作为未来研究的一部分,以解决这一差距。未来的研究可以扩展到巴基斯坦的其他地区。
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引用次数: 0
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Academic Journal of Social Sciences (AJSS )
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