Development and standardization of indigenized emotional intelligence scale

Emotional intelligence (EI) has offered new paradigm for educationalists that try to explain success and adjustment to environment. Concept of the EI first was developed by Mayer et al.,1 However Goleman2 made it popularized and publicized. Large body of the research has proved that EI has positive impact on educational attainment, social adjustment, happiness, and academic self-efficacy.3–10 however there are disagreements and conflicts about definitions, qualities, and conceptualization of the EI. Those disagreements have stemmed from measurement paradigm of the EI.11 There are mainly three streams in EI: ability model, mixed models, and trait model.11 Salovey and Mayer1 developers of the ability model, described as that EI is the capacity to recognize and manage emotions in ourselves and in others, process emotional information. In the ability model, EI is assumed as capability of carrying out accurate emotional reasoning.1 The ability model constructs emotion and reasoning under same phenomena. The model consists of four abilities (those accurately perceiving emotion, using emotion to facilitate thought, understanding emotion, and managing emotion).12 In the ability model, there is a close interaction among the skills. For instance a child cannot be efficacious without perceiving emotion in herself.1 Mixed models, another approach to the EI, views the EI as an integration of skills and qualities such as personality and motivational dispositions that are necessary to use the EI in real life. Proponents of the EI13 with a wide range of skills and competencies rather than to define it as a single construct. In other words, EI is explained through broad definitions such as noncognitive capability, competency, skill or emotionally intelligent behavior, and dispositions of personality.13 Bar-On8 describes the EI as cluster of noncognitive skills that are necessary to cope with effectively environmental demands. BarOn6 suggests that the EI is one of the main determinants of effective human behavior. Bar-On (1997) developed EI model consisting of intrapersonal capacity, interpersonal skills, adaptability, stress management, motivation, and general mood.