中国地方选举的兴衰

IF 10.5 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS American Economic Review Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI:10.1257/aer.20181249
Monica Martinez-Bravo, Gerard Padró i Miquel, Nancy Qian, Yang Yao
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引用次数: 18

摘要

我们假设独裁者在其官僚能力较低时引入地方选举。地方选举利用公民的信息优势让地方官员负起责任,但也削弱了垂直控制。随着官僚能力的增加,独裁者限制民选机构的作用,以重新获得垂直控制。我们认为,这些洞见可以解释中国农村引入村委会选举,以及多年后村委会自治权遭到侵蚀的原因。我们构建了一个新的数据集来记录近四十年来的政治改革、政策结果和事实上的权力。我们发现,选举的引入改善了受欢迎的政策,削弱了不受欢迎的政策。地方政府资源的增加导致村级自治权的丧失,但在偏远村级自治权的丧失程度较低。这些模式与专制国家内部地方选举的组织观点是一致的。(jel d72, d73, d83, o17, o18, p25, p26)
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The Rise and Fall of Local Elections in China
We posit that autocrats introduce local elections when their bureaucratic capacity is low. Local elections exploit citizens’ informational advantage in keeping local officials accountable, but they also weaken vertical control. As bureaucratic capacity increases, the autocrat limits the role of elected bodies to regain vertical control. We argue that these insights can explain the introduction of village elections in rural China and the subsequent erosion of village autonomy years later. We construct a novel dataset to document political reforms, policy outcomes, and de facto power for almost four decades. We find that the introduction of elections improves popular policies and weakens unpopular ones. Increases in regional government resources lead to loss of village autonomy, but less so in remote villages. These patterns are consistent with an organizational view of local elections within autocracies. (JEL D72, D73, D83, O17, O18, P25, P26)
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来源期刊
CiteScore
18.60
自引率
2.80%
发文量
122
期刊介绍: The American Economic Review (AER) stands as a prestigious general-interest economics journal. Founded in 1911, it holds the distinction of being one of the nation's oldest and most esteemed scholarly journals in economics. With a commitment to academic excellence, the AER releases 12 issues annually, featuring articles that span a wide spectrum of economic topics.
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