在查省恩贾梅纳市水环境中分离和鉴定的埃希氏菌属致病菌和沙门氏菌经检测抗生素残留呈阳性

DJASBEYE Mounpor, Ban-Bo Bebanto Antipas, TEREI Nadine, NAIBI KEITOYO Amedé, RAHILA LOUM Ghazida, NAÏM Saturnin, HALIME HISSEIN Hangata
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A total of 27 wastewater samples from retention basins, hospital drainage channels, abattoir water and the Chari and Logone rivers were tested positive for antibiotic residues and retained for isolation of Escherichia and Salmonella bacteria. Cultures on specific media (EMB for Escherichiaand SS for Salmonella) were carried out in accordance with reference methods. A total of 36 isolates were obtained, including 15 of the Escherichia genus with a prevalence of 55.6% and 20 of the Salmonella genus with a prevalence of 74%. Analyzing the data by commune, a 100% prevalence of Salmonella was observed in the 2nd, 3rd, 6th and 10th arrondissements, and 80% and 57.1% respectively in the 8th and 7th arrondissements. Escherichia isolates were 100% prevalent in the 8th and 10th arrondissements, and 75% and 66.6% respectively in the 1st and 10th arrondissements. At neighborhood level, 100% Salmonella prevalence was observed in Ardepdjoumal, Diguel, Diguel Est, Gardolet, Clemat, Ndjari and Walia, while 100% E. coli prevalence was found in Dembé, Diguel, Diguel Est, Clemat, Ndjari, Walia, Gueli and Zafaye. These prevalences varied significantly at the 5% level (p-value = 0.004224 for Salmonella and p-value = 0.01921 for Escherichia) between the different districts and neighborhoods of the city of Ndjamena. Conclusion and application of results: This study revealed variability in the presence of Salmonella and E. coli in water samples from the various districts and neighborhoods of N’Djamena, with prevalences ranging from 0 to 100%. These high prevalences are explained by poor waste management in communes, health and veterinary establishments, highlighting for the first time the level of contamination of the water environment by these pathogenic bacteria. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:水环境中抗生素残留污染日益严重,有利于病原菌的滋生,尤其是埃希菌和沙门氏菌。本研究旨在确定乍得恩贾梅纳市含有抗生素残留的水环境中是否存在埃希氏菌属和沙门氏菌致病菌。方法和结果:利用从问卷收集的信息和初步阳性检测(premiTest)的结果来确定样本。截留盆地、医院排水渠道、屠宰场水以及查里河和洛贡河共27份废水样本经检测抗生素残留呈阳性,并保留下来分离埃希氏菌和沙门氏菌。在特定培养基(埃希氏菌为EMB培养基,沙门氏菌为SS培养基)上按照参考方法进行培养。共分离到36株,其中埃希菌属15株,流行率为55.6%,沙门氏菌属20株,流行率为74%。按小区分析,2区、3区、6区和10区沙门氏菌感染率为100%,8区和7区分别为80%和57.1%。8区和10区埃希菌感染率为100%,1区和10区分别为75%和66.6%。在社区水平上,Ardepdjoumal、Diguel、Diguel Est、Gardolet、Clemat、Ndjari和Walia的沙门氏菌感染率为100%,而demb、Diguel、Diguel Est、Clemat、Ndjari、Walia、Gueli和Zafaye的大肠杆菌感染率为100%。在恩贾梅纳市不同地区和社区之间,这些流行率在5%水平上差异显著(沙门氏菌p值= 0.004224,埃希菌p值= 0.01921)。结论和结果的应用:本研究揭示了恩贾梅纳不同地区和社区的水样中沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌存在的差异,患病率从0到100%不等。这些高流行率的原因是社区、卫生和兽医机构的废物管理不善,首次突出了这些致病菌对水环境的污染程度。公共卫生部和畜牧部必须施加压力,禁止将药物残留物排放到废水中,以防止乍得出现药物抗性机制。
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Isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria of the genus Escherichia and Salmonella in the water environment tested positive for antibiotic residues in the city of Ndjamena, Cha
Objective: The water environment is facing increasing contamination by antibiotic residues, favoring the development of pathogenic bacteria, in particular Escherichia and Salmonella. This study aims to determine the presence of pathogenic bacteria of the genus Escherichia and Salmonella in the water environment containing antibiotic residues in the city of Ndjamena, Chad. Methodology and results: Information gathered from questionnaires and the results of preliminary positive tests (premiTest) were used to identify the sample. A total of 27 wastewater samples from retention basins, hospital drainage channels, abattoir water and the Chari and Logone rivers were tested positive for antibiotic residues and retained for isolation of Escherichia and Salmonella bacteria. Cultures on specific media (EMB for Escherichiaand SS for Salmonella) were carried out in accordance with reference methods. A total of 36 isolates were obtained, including 15 of the Escherichia genus with a prevalence of 55.6% and 20 of the Salmonella genus with a prevalence of 74%. Analyzing the data by commune, a 100% prevalence of Salmonella was observed in the 2nd, 3rd, 6th and 10th arrondissements, and 80% and 57.1% respectively in the 8th and 7th arrondissements. Escherichia isolates were 100% prevalent in the 8th and 10th arrondissements, and 75% and 66.6% respectively in the 1st and 10th arrondissements. At neighborhood level, 100% Salmonella prevalence was observed in Ardepdjoumal, Diguel, Diguel Est, Gardolet, Clemat, Ndjari and Walia, while 100% E. coli prevalence was found in Dembé, Diguel, Diguel Est, Clemat, Ndjari, Walia, Gueli and Zafaye. These prevalences varied significantly at the 5% level (p-value = 0.004224 for Salmonella and p-value = 0.01921 for Escherichia) between the different districts and neighborhoods of the city of Ndjamena. Conclusion and application of results: This study revealed variability in the presence of Salmonella and E. coli in water samples from the various districts and neighborhoods of N’Djamena, with prevalences ranging from 0 to 100%. These high prevalences are explained by poor waste management in communes, health and veterinary establishments, highlighting for the first time the level of contamination of the water environment by these pathogenic bacteria. It is essential that the Ministries of Public Health and Livestock exert pressure to prohibât the discharge of drug residues into wastewater, in order to prevent drug résistance mechanisms in Chad.
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