When adherence to CPAP fails, how do we treat workers with obstructive sleep apnea?

Aims A cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a mandibular advancement device (MAD) with respect to respiratory and sleep parameters among miners with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and primary snore. Methods The target sample was composed by 102 Brazilian miners with a history of non-adherence to continuous positive airway pressure. All patients were treated with a MAD and underwent pre and post-treatment full-night polysomnography. Ethical approval and consents were obtained. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were conducted. The level of statistical significance was set at 5%. Results After the treatment with MAD, 71.8% of patients presented a decrease ≥ 50% in the basal apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), 51.2% presented an AHI < 5 events/h and 83.3% reached an AHI<10/h, whereas 22.5% did not show any changes and 7.5% of the sample presented an increase in the AHI (p<0.05). There was an increase in the mean SpO2 nadir (p<0.001) and in the baseline duration of the REM sleep stage (p<0.05). The MAD significantly decreased snore events (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis did not identify predictive factors related to therapy success (decrease ≥ 50% of AHI). However, basal AHI was a significant predictor related to the secondary endpoint (AHI<10/h) (OR= 1.06, IC 95%1.00-1.13, p=0.007). Conclusions The MAD therapy showed significant improvements in AHI, minimum oxygen saturation, REM sleep and snoring.