Sleep Science最新文献

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785522.].

Objective  To identify the factors related to sleep duration in 3-month-old infants. Materials and Methods  From 2021 to 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional study in the city of Araraquara, Brazil, involving 140 mothers and their respective 3-month-old infants. Maternal socioeconomic, demographic, obstetric, and nutritional characteristics, as well as nutritional and morbidity characteristics of the respective infants, were evaluated. Sleep duration was determined by the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ). Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to assess the associations of maternal, newborn, and infant factors with sleep duration at three months. Results  The nighttime sleep duration of the infants was of 9 hours. There were negative associations between nighttime sleep duration and prone sleep position ( p  = 0.011), falling asleep between 8:30 pm and 11:00 pm ( p  = 0.032), falling asleep after 11:00 pm ( p  < 0.001), respiratory infection ( p  = 0.011), dermatitis ( p  = 0.002), and the presence of children under 9 years of age in the household ( p  = 0.013). Discussion  In the present study, factors such as infant morbidity, the presence of other children in the household, and sleeping habits were associated with a decrease in sleep duration in 3-month-old infants. Therefore, we emphasize the importance of early diagnosis of morbidity in the first months of life and of promoting healthy habits such as regulating the time to go to sleep, providing an adequate sleep environment, and other practices that help improve the quality and duration of sleep.

The absence or decrease in sleep time can affect different mechanisms associated with changes in body composition and physical exercise performance. However, it is unclear in the literature how chronically sleep-restricted individuals respond to strength training. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of reducing between one and two hours of recommended sleep time (7 hours) on the response to resistance training. The study included 12 subjects who slept on average 2 hours less than the recommended 7 hours per day (42 ± 8 years; 84.9 ± 11.6 kg; 27.9 ± 3.5 kg/m ² ; 6:17 ± 22 total sleep time/day and 5: 47 ± 29 sleep time/night) and 12 subjects with recommended sleep time (38 ± 11 years; 78.3 ± 9.5 kg; 25.1 ± 3.5 kg/m ² ; 7:47 ± 38 total sleep time/day and 7:16 ± 54 sleep time/night) and a control group (42 ± 7 years; 81 ± 12.2 kg; 26.2 ± 4.0 kg/m ² ; 7:30 ± 40 total sleep time/day and 7: 17 ± 51 sleep time/night) that did not perform resistance training. A total of 16 resistance training sessions were performed, 3 times a week (Sessions= 4 exercises; 2 sets; maximum repetitions to failure). The maximum number of repetitions, arm circumference, and arm muscle area increased, while triceps skinfold decreased after training in the experimental groups ( p  < 0.05), with no changes for the control group. There was no difference in muscle mass, body mass index, or sleep variables (sleep time, latency, efficiency) after the training period in either group (p> 0.05). Thus, the chronic 1-2-hour reduction in average recommended sleep time was not able to affect the positive effects of resistance training.

Introduction  Portable respiratory monitoring (PM) has been used to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the general population. However, its validation in patients with both OSA and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), remains unclear. Objective  The aim of the study was to validate PM for the diagnosis of OSA in patients with COPD. Materials and Methods  In this crossectional study, COPD patients were submitted simultaneously to polysomnography (PSG) and PM. Moreover, the risk for OSA was verified by the Berlin, NoSAS, and STOP-BANG questionnaires. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for PM were calculated for the cutoff points of the hypopnea apnea index (AHI) of 5, 15, and 30 events/hour, as well as for the questionnaires. The Bland-Altman test and correlation analyses between the AHI of the PSG and PM were performed. Results  A total of 103 patients were evaluated (age 67.5 ± 9.9 years, 60% men). The STOP-BANG questionnaire had the highest sensitivity for OSA diagnosis, at 94.4% (72.7-99.9%). The sensitivity of PM decreased (87.0, 66.7, and 44.4%), and the specificity increased 40.0, 78.6, and 100.0%) as the AHI cutoff point increased from 5, 15, and 30. The Bland-Altman test indicated good limits of agreement (AHI = 5.5 ± 11.7 events/hour). Therefore, the AHI results of the PM showed a strong and positive correlation with those of the PSG (r = 0.70, p  < 0.0001). Conclusion  The PM test can be a useful tool for OSA diagnosis in patients with COPD.

Objective  To evaluate which condition of sleep debt has a greater negative impact on insulin resistance: sleep deprivation for 24 hours or 4 hours of sleep restriction for 4 nights. Materials and Methods  In total, 28 healthy male subjects aged 18 to 40 years were recruited and randomly allocated to two groups: sleep deprivation (SD) and sleep restriction (SR). Each group underwent two conditions: regular sleep (11 pm to 7 am ) and total sleep deprivation for 24 hours (SD); regular sleep (11 pm to 7 am ) and 4 nights of sleep restriction (SR) (1 am to 5 am ). The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, and baseline glucose, insulin, free fatty acids (FFAs), and cortisol were measured. In addition, the area under the curve (AUC) for glucose and insulin, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and the Matsuda Index (Insulin Sensitivity Index, ISI) were calculated. Results  Glucose and insulin had a similar pattern between groups, except at the baseline, when insulin was higher in the sleep debt condition of the SR when compared with the SD ( p  < 0.01). In the comparison between regular sleep and sleep debt, the SD had a higher insulin AUC ( p  < 0.01) and FFAs ( p  = 0.03) after sleep deprivation, and insulin and the insulin AUC increased ( p  < 0.01 for both), while the ISI decreased ( p  = 0.02) after sleep restriction in the SR. In baseline parameters covariate by the condition of regular sleep, insulin ( p  = 0.02) and the HOMA-IR ( p  < 0.01) were higher, and cortisol ( p  = 0.04) was lower after sleep restriction when compared with sleep deprivation. Conclusion  Sleep restriction for 4 consecutive nights is more detrimental to energy metabolism because of the higher insulin values and insulin resistance compared with an acute period of sleep deprivation of 24 hours.

Objective  Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by episodic cessations of breathing due to upper airway obstruction during sleep, which may cause disturbances in dietary patterns resulting from appetite-related hormonal changes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between OSAS and nutritional and dietary patterns. Materials and Methods  A total of 20 female and 53 male OSAS patients aged > 30 years were enrolled. Demographic data, as well as data on smoking and alcohol habits, were noted, anthropometric measures were made, and a questionnaire regarding chronic diseases including OSAS and four questionnaires on recent food intake frequency and content of nutrition were filled out. The content of nutrition was noted under seven categories: meat, legumes, milk and dairy products, fruits and vegetables, bread and cereals, fat and carbohydrates, and beverages. Results  The severity of OSAS (assessed by the apnea-hypopnea index. AHI) was positively correlated with the body mass index (BMI), the circumferences of the waist, chest, and buttocks, and, in males, with the circumference of the neck as well. There was no correlation between the AHI and nutritional habits in terms of the frequency of meals or snacks, the scores on the Snoring, Tiredness, Observed Apnea, and High Blood Pressure-Body Mass Index, Age, Neck Circumference, and Gender (STOP-BANG) Questionnaire and the corresponding macro- and micronutrients. Worsening apnea scores led to increased intake of macronutrients of carbohydrate and protein and micronutrients of niacin and pyridoxine ( p  < 0.05), and decreased intake of fat ( p  < 0.05). Conclusion  The present study demonstrated an association between OSAS severity and recent food intake, manifested in increased intake of carbohydrates, niacin, and pyridoxine, and decreased fat intake.

Objective  Different factors, such as medication use and shift work, can influence sleep quality. We aimed to determine the association between medication use and sleep quality in shift workers versus daytime workers. Materials and Methods  We conducted a quantitative cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of active workers. Online questionnaires were applied to assess sleep quality, sleepiness, medication use, and sociodemographic characteristics. Results  A total of 296 participants were included: 124 (41.89%) daytime workers and 172 (58.11%) shift workers. In total, 130 (43.92%) participants worked in the healthcare sector, 116 (39.19%), in industry, and 50 (16.89%), in other sectors. After a bivariate analysis, poor sleep quality was associated with the presence of sleep disorders ( p  < 0.001), type of work (shift or day work) ( p  < 0.001), and the use of sleeping medication ( p  < 0.001). Although shift workers had worse sleep quality, no differences were found regarding the use of medications that act directly on the central nervous system or with proven effects on sleep. No association was found between medication use and sleep quality. When adjusted for the different variables that were individually associated with poor sleep quality, through a logistic regression model, none showed an increased risk of poor sleep quality. Discussion  In spite of the need for further research, our results have shown that sleep quality is influenced by many different factors whose impact must be evaluated in combination, and not just in a bivariate manner. There are many factors individually associated with poor sleep quality, but when adjusted to each other, they have shown no increased risk of having poor sleep quality.

Background  Sleep disturbance is a major complaint among individuals with diabetes mellitus and may be augmented by dietary interventions. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to determine the effectiveness of a Mediterranean diet intervention on daytime sleepiness among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Oman. Methods  In total, 134 eligible individuals with T2DM (61 and 73 participants in the intervention and control groups, respectively) were recruited. The intervention participants underwent a 6-month Mediterranean diet intervention consisting of individual dietary counseling, cooking classes, phone calls, and social media messages, while the control group continued with standard diabetes care. Daytime sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. All data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results  Daytime sleepiness was evident, with ∼ 30% of the participants experiencing it, with no significant difference between control and intervention participants at baseline. There was a significant reduction in daytime sleepiness in both the intervention and control groups after 6 months, with daytime sleepiness significantly lower in the intervention group, with a modest difference of 42.56% ( p  < 0.001). Conclusion  Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is effective in reducing daytime sleepiness among individuals with T2DM. Clinical Trial  UMIN000041152.

Neuropsychiatric manifestations that have developed after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection have not been fully clarified yet. Persistent insomnia and consequent significant impairment in daily functioning is an unexpected symptom of COVID-19 infection. In this case report, a 13-year-old female patient who presented with complaint of insomnia starting with COVID-19 infection is discussed. The patient showed significant improvement with melatonin treatment and maintained her wellbeing in the follow-up. Melatonin may be a useful option to treat COVID-19-related brief insomnia in adolescents. Our case report will be a step forward to help clinicians examine the underlying neurovegetative mechanisms, such as sleep, to improve patients wellbeing. HEADINGS: COVID-19. Melatonin. Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders.