Toward Inummarik (well-balanced humans): an investigation of the role of land-based learning programs in public education

ABSTRACT As a reaction to imposed education systems, traditional land-based education can be viewed as a source of resistance against a capitalist settler state, and most importantly, for the maintenance of Indigenous autonomy and sovereignty. However, formal k-12 learning environments are dominated by values systems and orientations to environmental education that potentially undermine Indigenous land-based education values and approaches. Within Canada, though there is a growing body of literature outlining the advantages of land-based learning for academic success and student well-being in public schools, funding models and policy restrictions have been slower to change and can impede implementation. With this article we hope to add to the growing body of evidence, supporting land-based learning as a legitimate pedagogy in public education. We approach this through a cross-case analysis of the results of two separate research projects and identifying the parallel themes, which emerged: youth resilience, Inuit autonomy, and authenticity in learning. Although our results focus on the development of individuals, within our conclusion we extend the argument toward systemic changes needed in Canadian public education not only as an act of decolonization but in supporting the development of Innumarik.