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Permafrost conditions of the Subpolar Urals based on studies of lateral moraine peatlands 基于侧碛泥炭地研究的乌拉尔次极地的永久冻土条件
IF 2.6 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-12-07 DOI: 10.1080/1088937x.2023.2290013
S. Iglovsky, E. Yakovlev, Anna Druzhinina, Igor Tokarev
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引用次数: 0
Climate services in a rapidly changing environment: an evaluation of the Sea Ice for Walrus Outlook (SIWO) 快速变化环境中的气候服务:海象海冰展望(SIWO)评估
IF 2.6 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-12-05 DOI: 10.1080/1088937x.2023.2286383
N. Kettle, Amy Hendricks, Lisa Sheffield Guy, Olivia Lee, Vera Metcalf, Davin Holen
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引用次数: 0
Arctic cooperation between Norway and Russia in healthcare delivery and emergency preparedness on Svalbard: barriers and facilitators 挪威和俄罗斯在斯瓦尔巴群岛保健服务和应急准备方面的北极合作:障碍和促进因素
Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.1080/1088937x.2023.2264893
Turid Austin Wæhler
This interdisciplinary study explores whether increased cooperation in healthcare delivery and emergency preparedness between Norway and Russia on the Arctic archipelago Svalbard may increase the quality of these services and whether cooperation is desired.
这项跨学科研究探讨了挪威和俄罗斯在北极群岛斯瓦尔巴群岛加强医疗保健服务和应急准备方面的合作是否可能提高这些服务的质量,以及是否需要合作。
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引用次数: 0
Navigating maps in the Arctic: tracing more-than-human interactions of mapping practices in Norwegian rescue services 北极地区的地图导航:追踪挪威救援服务中地图绘制实践中超乎人类的互动关系
IF 2.6 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2023.2283223
Virginija Popovaitė
ABSTRACT When responding to an incident, Norwegian rescue services in the Arctic have to consider weather conditions, surface features, infrastructure scarcity, and technological availability. To some extent, safe navigation is based on the use of digital maps. In this article, I analyze how maps are assembled for their role as navigation tools and how this interlinks with the capacity for timely incident response in the Arctic context. My study is based on new materialism, which pays attention to interactions. I investigate maps as processes, focusing on how they are constituted through practices. Therefore, I follow heterogeneous entanglements of more-than-human actors. In this article, I focus on localities related to the Svalbard archipelago, including incident response on land, the Joint Rescue Coordination Centre, and information support services. I explore the assemblages of maps through three aspects: institutional mapping of Svalbard, avalanche observations around Longyearbyen, and mapping practices of the local rescue services on land. I argue that safe navigation, and consequently a timely incident response, is embedded in more-than-human networks and depends on their flexibility and durability. Divergence of mapping practices between those in Svalbard and on the mainland further highlights the need for an analysis of socio-technological entanglements in the Arctic.
ABSTRACT 挪威北极地区的救援服务在应对事故时必须考虑天气条件、地表特征、基础设施稀缺程度和技术可用性。在某种程度上,安全导航是以使用数字地图为基础的。在本文中,我将分析地图是如何作为导航工具进行组装的,以及这与在北极地区及时应对突发事件的能力是如何相互联系的。我的研究基于新唯物主义,注重互动。我将地图作为过程进行研究,重点关注地图是如何通过实践构成的。因此,我关注超人类行动者的异质纠葛。在本文中,我重点关注与斯瓦尔巴群岛有关的地方,包括陆地事件响应、联合救援协调中心和信息支持服务。我从三个方面探讨了地图的组合:斯瓦尔巴群岛的机构地图、朗伊尔城周围的雪崩观测以及当地陆地救援服务的地图绘制实践。我认为,安全导航以及因此而产生的及时事故响应都蕴含在超越人类的网络中,并依赖于这些网络的灵活性和持久性。斯瓦尔巴群岛与大陆的测绘实践存在差异,这进一步凸显了对北极地区社会技术纠葛进行分析的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Future Arctic regulatory interventions: discussing the impact of banning the use of heavy fuel oil
IF 2.6 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2023.2238794
D. Dalaklis, M. Drewniak, A. Christodoulou, Rebecca Sheehan, Angelos Dalaklis, Antonios Andreadakis
ABSTRACT The on-going reduction of sea-ice in the Arctic is now facilitating maritime activities in areas previously considered inaccessible. Numerous statistics indicate that fishing and tourism are clearly gaining momentum within the wider region under discussion. Furthermore, a certain number of private companies and state-affiliated actors are setting into motion plans for promoting the use of the so-called arctic passages, while certain interesting business projects are already underway; the Yamal LNG Project is for example clearly standing out. As human presence and operations are expected to intensify within that inherently risky region, the first aim of this paper is to qualitatively identify certain business opportunities associated with the Arctic and then highlight their interrelation with the prevailing patterns of maritime traffic. Additionally, on the basis of the report titled ‘Arctic Shipping Status Report – Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) Use by Ships in the Arctic 2019' (ASSR #2) that was released during October 2020 by the Arctic Council's Working Group on the Protection of the Arctic Marine Environment (PAME), it explains the use of the various types of fuels in the region under discussion and highlights certain environmental risks. Finally, it briefly assesses the overall effectiveness of a (proposed) regulatory intervention of completely banning the use of HFO in the Arctic. This initiative can indeed have a positive contribution to protecting the region's pristine environment, but any regulations of this type must also consider the issue of fishing vessels, which are not covered under the scope of International Maritime Organization's (IMO) International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) and the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL).
北极海冰的持续减少正在促进以前被认为无法进入的地区的海洋活动。许多统计数字表明,渔业和旅游业显然正在讨论的更广泛区域内获得发展势头。此外,一定数量的私营公司和国家附属机构正在制定促进使用所谓北极通道的计划,而某些有趣的商业项目已经在进行中;例如,亚马尔液化天然气项目就非常引人注目。由于人类的存在和业务预计将在这个固有的风险区域内加强,本文的第一个目的是定性地确定与北极相关的某些商业机会,然后强调它们与现行海上交通模式的相互关系。此外,根据北极理事会保护北极海洋环境工作组(PAME)于2020年10月发布的题为《北极航运状况报告——2019年北极船舶使用重燃料油》(assr# 2)的报告,该报告解释了所讨论地区各种燃料的使用情况,并强调了某些环境风险。最后,简要评估了完全禁止在北极使用重油的(拟议的)监管干预的总体有效性。这一倡议确实可以对保护该地区的原始环境作出积极贡献,但任何此类法规都必须考虑到渔船问题,因为渔船不在国际海事组织(IMO)的《国际海上人命安全公约》(SOLAS)和国际防止船舶污染公约(MARPOL)的范围内。
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引用次数: 0
E-procurement and Arctic infrastructural geography: challenges of e-governance in the Russian Arctic 电子采购和北极基础设施地理:俄罗斯北极地区电子政务的挑战
IF 2.6 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2023.2238795
A. Karaseva, K. Gavrilova, V. Vasilyeva, Elena Veretennik
ABSTRACT Everyday life in the Arctic has become increasingly digitalized. The academic discussion around it focuses on three aspects: digital infrastructures and access; digital promises; and digitalization risks and challenges to human security. The existing critical research on e-governance in the Arctic has been done in the North American and European Arctic, while digital governance in the Russian Arctic has mostly remained beyond the scope of research. In this article, we aim to fill the gap by demonstrating how Russian Arctic infrastructural geography affects digital governance in the region. To achieve this goal, we used a mixed methods approach. First, to grasp the structural differences between Arctic and non-Arctic Russia, we analyzed open data from the Russian e-procurement system concerning the share of contracts with local suppliers, the percentage of terminated contracts, and indicators of contract time sensitivity. Second, to explore the mechanics of e-procurement in the Arctic, we gathered interviews with procurers working in state organizations in three remote settlements in different parts of the Russian Arctic: The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Krasnoyarsk Krai, and Arkhangelsk region. By combining these data, we produce a detailed picture of e-procurement across the differentiated Russian Arctic infrastructural geography.
北极的日常生活越来越数字化。围绕它的学术讨论主要集中在三个方面:数字基础设施和接入;数字的承诺;数字化给人类安全带来风险和挑战。现有关于北极电子政务的批判性研究主要集中在北美和欧洲的北极地区,而俄罗斯北极地区的数字治理则大多处于研究范围之外。在本文中,我们旨在通过展示俄罗斯北极基础设施地理如何影响该地区的数字治理来填补这一空白。为了实现这一目标,我们使用了混合方法。首先,为了掌握俄罗斯北极地区与非北极地区之间的结构性差异,我们分析了俄罗斯电子采购系统的公开数据,包括与当地供应商签订的合同份额、终止合同的比例和合同时间敏感性指标。其次,为了探索北极地区的电子采购机制,我们收集了在俄罗斯北极不同地区的三个偏远定居点(萨哈共和国(雅库特)、克拉斯诺亚尔斯克边疆区和阿尔汉格尔斯克地区)的国家组织工作的采购人员的访谈。通过结合这些数据,我们绘制了俄罗斯北极地区不同基础设施地理区域的电子采购详细图。
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引用次数: 0
A comparison of remoteness indices 距离指数的比较
IF 2.6 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2023.2238792
Tom Stringer, Hou Sang Cheng, Amy M. Kim
ABSTRACT No existing remoteness index can be considered to be truly universal. Remoteness has been defined in many different ways by scholars from a variety of areas of study, and indices that measure remoteness are vital in guiding policy decisions in remote regions. However, index methodologies vary greatly from one another by the input variables included, how the index is constructed using these variables, and thus ultimately, their results. This paper compiles the scores of three well-known remoteness indices for each of 32 localities in Canada’s Northwest Territories. We compare these scores using statistical tests, use k-means clustering to outline new remoteness categories, and assess the strengths and weaknesses of each index. We find that the choice of input variables ultimately determines how remoteness is defined and that different indices should be used to different ends based on this choice. Our findings can guide researchers and policymakers in choosing the most appropriate method to measure remoteness based on objective factors or designing a remoteness index, while also exploring how remoteness can be defined.
现有的距离指数都不能被认为是真正通用的。来自不同研究领域的学者以多种不同的方式定义了偏远性,衡量偏远性的指数对于指导偏远地区的政策决策至关重要。但是,索引方法因所包含的输入变量、如何使用这些变量构建索引以及最终的结果而差异很大。本文编制了加拿大西北地区32个地区的三个著名的偏远指数的分数。我们使用统计测试比较这些分数,使用k-means聚类来概述新的距离类别,并评估每个指数的优势和劣势。我们发现,输入变量的选择最终决定了如何定义距离,并且根据这种选择,不同的指标应该用于不同的目的。我们的研究结果可以指导研究人员和政策制定者选择最合适的基于客观因素的偏远度测量方法或设计偏远指数,同时也可以探索如何定义偏远度。
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引用次数: 0
Hunting a ‘good life’: young lifestyle migrants in Finnish Lapland 寻找“美好生活”:芬兰拉普兰的年轻生活方式移民
IF 2.6 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2023.2182383
Adams Ria-Maria
ABSTRACT This article focuses on young lifestyle migrants in Arctic Finland, individuals who can be described as active agents of their own fate in having made a conscious choice to move to a place they consider worth living in. Drawing on long-term ethnographic research, the study brings to light newcomers’ motivations for migrating to a geographically remote area and discusses structural conditions that support the process of moving to Finnish Lapland. The search for personal wellbeing and a desire to construct “authentic” lifestyles in rural environments emerged as driving factors for young people who consider moving to the Arctic. While access to nature and nature-based leisure activities proved to be the most attractive feature of the region, opportunities to work in the tourism industry, well-connected transport infrastructures and educational opportunities also figured significantly in the migrants’ decisions. Social media channels play a pivotal role as a platform promoting their lifestyle. In engaging regularly with young people who have moved to the Arctic, where they pursue their chosen lifestyle in a harsh climate with high living costs, the research challenges the prevailing argument in the lifestyle migration debate whereby middle-class people move to places with lower living costs and sunny climates.
本文关注的是芬兰北极地区年轻的生活方式移民,这些人可以被描述为自己命运的积极代理人,他们有意识地选择搬到他们认为值得居住的地方。通过长期的民族志研究,该研究揭示了新移民迁移到地理偏远地区的动机,并讨论了支持迁移到芬兰拉普兰过程的结构条件。对个人幸福的追求和在农村环境中构建“真实”生活方式的渴望成为年轻人考虑搬到北极的驱动因素。虽然接近自然和以自然为基础的休闲活动被证明是该地区最具吸引力的特征,但在旅游业工作的机会、连接良好的交通基础设施和教育机会也在移民的决定中发挥了重要作用。社交媒体渠道作为推广他们生活方式的平台发挥着关键作用。在定期与搬到北极的年轻人接触中,他们在恶劣的气候和高昂的生活成本中追求自己选择的生活方式,研究挑战了生活方式迁移辩论中的主流观点,即中产阶级搬到生活成本较低、气候晴朗的地方。
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引用次数: 0
Arctic region: analysis of cruise products, network structure, and popular routes 北极地区:邮轮产品、网络结构、热门航线分析
IF 2.6 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-02-22 DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2023.2182381
Yui-yip Lau, Maneerat Kanrak, A. Ng, Xavier Ling
ABSTRACT Cruise tourism in the Arctic has expanded due to an increase in ice melting. This can provide cruise services covering the growing demand for cruise shipping. This study analyzes the network structure and popular routes of Arctic cruise shipping in order to identify popular cruise ports and routes. An analysis conducted, using degree centrality and the weight of a link, identified that a small number of ports have high connections to others, while many ports have low connectivity. Akureyri-Isafjordur was found to be the most popular route for cruise shipping in this region. The study’s findings are drawn useful implications for the cruise industry and other business sectors in the future.
由于冰融化的增加,北极的邮轮旅游已经扩大。这可以提供邮轮服务,以满足日益增长的邮轮需求。本研究分析了北极邮轮的网络结构和热门航线,以确定热门的邮轮港口和航线。使用度中心性和链路权重进行的分析发现,少数端口与其他端口具有高连接,而许多端口具有低连接。阿库雷里- isafjordur被发现是该地区最受欢迎的游轮路线。这项研究的结果对邮轮业和其他商业部门的未来发展具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 3
Editor’s Introduction Part II: new lenses on the role of education and knowledge sharing in support of sustainable development in the Arctic 第二部分:教育和知识共享在支持北极可持续发展中的作用的新视角
IF 2.6 Q3 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2023.2229139
D. Hirshberg
In this second half of the special issue of Polar Geography on Education and Sustainable Development, we feature four more articles that provide different lenses about the role education plays in supporting sustainable development efforts and around how best to engage in research addressing this and related topics. Through what he identifies as a decolonial auto-ethnography, Datta explores Inuit land-based education as a means for transforming environmental science education. In it, he offers a compelling argument for land-based education as a key component in education about sustainability and education that is in itself sustainable. Sergunin and Gutenev guide readers through the state of education on sustainable development in the Russian universities that train Russian Arctic specialists. They explore both the successes and problems in how this content area is taught across institutions. While they found gains in sustainability education in general, they found inconsistencies in how different institutions interpreted the concept of sustainable development and few examples of an integrated concept across environmental, economic, and social components of sustainability. Their analyses and critiques could be applied to Western institutions and could help strengthen how sustainable development is taught across the Arctic. Speca describes the challenges facing Arctic educators and learners as they try to make sense of the idea of sustainable development in ways that are relevant in their Arctic contexts. He argues for using diplomatic simulations, especially Model Arctic Council exercises, to engage students in experiential learning that both meets these challenges of educating on sustainable development while achieving other valuable learning outcomes. Finally, Lauter offers a thought piece on how researchers can better engage with Indigenous community members in the co-production of knowledge. She describes the challenges in gaining access and trust and especially in recognizing and addressing the imbalance of power between researchers and community partners and then offers ways to build relationships as an outsider entering a community. In particular, shemodels how to involve Indigenous collaborators not only in the research itself but in reflecting critically on the process of engaging in research, fromentering the community to completing thefinal product. Thiswork offers important insights to those from outside the Arctic looking to explore sustainable development in the North. As I noted in the first part of this special issue, education often is overlooked in discussions about sustainable development generally, and the ways education and knowledge transfer are defined and discussed in these discussions tend to be very narrow. This volume, along with the first, shows there are many ways to understand the role education plays in supporting sustainable development in the Arctic. But, it is not enough to simply look at these processes. It is als
在《极地地理:教育与可持续发展》特刊的下半期,我们将精选另外四篇文章,从不同的角度探讨教育在支持可持续发展方面所起的作用,以及如何最好地参与解决这一问题和相关主题的研究。通过他所认定的非殖民化的自动人种学,达塔探索了因纽特人的陆地教育作为改变环境科学教育的一种手段。在书中,他提出了一个令人信服的论点,认为陆基教育是可持续发展教育和教育本身可持续发展的关键组成部分。Sergunin和Gutenev向读者介绍了培养俄罗斯北极专家的俄罗斯大学的可持续发展教育状况。他们探讨了在各个机构中如何教授这一内容领域的成功和问题。虽然他们发现可持续发展教育总体上有所收获,但他们发现不同机构对可持续发展概念的解释不一致,而且很少有例子可以将可持续发展的环境、经济和社会组成部分综合起来。他们的分析和批评可以应用于西方机构,并有助于加强整个北极地区的可持续发展教育。Speca描述了北极教育工作者和学习者在试图以与他们的北极环境相关的方式理解可持续发展理念时所面临的挑战。他主张使用外交模拟,特别是模拟北极理事会演习,让学生参与体验式学习,既能应对可持续发展教育的挑战,又能获得其他有价值的学习成果。最后,Lauter提供了一篇关于研究人员如何更好地与土著社区成员合作生产知识的思想文章。她描述了在获得访问和信任方面的挑战,特别是在认识和解决研究人员和社区伙伴之间的权力不平衡方面的挑战,然后提供了作为一个进入社区的局外人建立关系的方法。特别是,她示范了如何让土著合作者不仅参与研究本身,而且批判性地反思参与研究的过程,从进入社区到完成最终产品。这项工作为那些希望探索北极可持续发展的北极以外的人提供了重要的见解。正如我在本期特刊的第一部分所指出的那样,在关于可持续发展的讨论中,教育通常被忽视,在这些讨论中,教育和知识转移的定义和讨论方式往往非常狭隘。这一卷,与第一卷一起,表明有许多方式来理解教育在支持北极可持续发展方面所起的作用。但是,仅仅观察这些过程是不够的。在我们探讨这个话题时,批判性地审视我们自己的镜头和假设也很重要。这一系列文章带来了多种理论和实践方法来研究和反思过程和我们在这些努力中的立场。我希望它能帮助研究人员扩展他们对可持续发展的思考,知识共享的作用,以及我们如何继续共同努力,建立更好的系统,发展和分享关键的学习,推动北极社区走向强大和健康的未来。
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引用次数: 0
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