{"title":"长生不老药,炼金术和两个同义词的变形","authors":"Gotthard Strohmaier","doi":"10.3989/ALQANTARA.2016.014","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The history of the terms ‘elixir’ and ‘alchemy’ seems paradoxical; derived from Greek, the Arabic al-iksīr signified a dry powder capable of transforming base metals into gold or silver. Evolving through the European languages, elixir has come to mean a magic liquid that can be ingested to cure illness. The second term, al-kīmiyāʼ, which was in its Arabic beginnings almost synonymous with elixir, took a different turn and changed its meaning from a miraculous substance into an abstract noun connoting the art of alchemy. This article intends to show that these changes of meaning are linked to inevitable interrelations between the two synonyms and, consequently, the generally assumed etymology of the Arabic alkīmiyāʼ from the seemingly corresponding Greek expression χυμeία must be questioned. Of particular interest is the hitherto overlooked fact that al-kīmiyāʼ ends in a glottal stop, indicated by the hamza and being a consonant in its own right, which ultimately points to a non-Greek origin.","PeriodicalId":44299,"journal":{"name":"AL-QANTARA","volume":"11 1","pages":"423-434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4000,"publicationDate":"2017-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"1","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Elixir, alquimia y las metamorfosis de dos sinónimos\",\"authors\":\"Gotthard Strohmaier\",\"doi\":\"10.3989/ALQANTARA.2016.014\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"The history of the terms ‘elixir’ and ‘alchemy’ seems paradoxical; derived from Greek, the Arabic al-iksīr signified a dry powder capable of transforming base metals into gold or silver. Evolving through the European languages, elixir has come to mean a magic liquid that can be ingested to cure illness. The second term, al-kīmiyāʼ, which was in its Arabic beginnings almost synonymous with elixir, took a different turn and changed its meaning from a miraculous substance into an abstract noun connoting the art of alchemy. This article intends to show that these changes of meaning are linked to inevitable interrelations between the two synonyms and, consequently, the generally assumed etymology of the Arabic alkīmiyāʼ from the seemingly corresponding Greek expression χυμeία must be questioned. Of particular interest is the hitherto overlooked fact that al-kīmiyāʼ ends in a glottal stop, indicated by the hamza and being a consonant in its own right, which ultimately points to a non-Greek origin.\",\"PeriodicalId\":44299,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"AL-QANTARA\",\"volume\":\"11 1\",\"pages\":\"423-434\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2017-03-24\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"1\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"AL-QANTARA\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.3989/ALQANTARA.2016.014\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"哲学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"HISTORY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"AL-QANTARA","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3989/ALQANTARA.2016.014","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"HISTORY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
摘要
“长生不老药”和“炼金术”这两个词的历史似乎是矛盾的;源自希腊语的阿拉伯语al- iks r表示能将贱金属转化为金或银的干粉。在欧洲语言中,elixir的意思是一种神奇的液体,可以被摄入来治疗疾病。第二个词al- k miyha ',在阿拉伯语中几乎是elixir的同义词,它的含义发生了不同的变化,从一种神奇的物质变成了一个抽象的名词,蕴含着炼金术的艺术。本文试图表明,这些意义的变化与两个同义词之间不可避免的相互关系有关,因此,通常认为的阿拉伯语alku - miyna '来源于看似相应的希腊语表达χ α的词源必须受到质疑。特别有趣的是迄今为止被忽视的一个事实,即al- k miyha '以声门顿音结尾,由hamza表示,并且本身就是一个辅音,这最终指向非希腊起源。
Elixir, alquimia y las metamorfosis de dos sinónimos
The history of the terms ‘elixir’ and ‘alchemy’ seems paradoxical; derived from Greek, the Arabic al-iksīr signified a dry powder capable of transforming base metals into gold or silver. Evolving through the European languages, elixir has come to mean a magic liquid that can be ingested to cure illness. The second term, al-kīmiyāʼ, which was in its Arabic beginnings almost synonymous with elixir, took a different turn and changed its meaning from a miraculous substance into an abstract noun connoting the art of alchemy. This article intends to show that these changes of meaning are linked to inevitable interrelations between the two synonyms and, consequently, the generally assumed etymology of the Arabic alkīmiyāʼ from the seemingly corresponding Greek expression χυμeία must be questioned. Of particular interest is the hitherto overlooked fact that al-kīmiyāʼ ends in a glottal stop, indicated by the hamza and being a consonant in its own right, which ultimately points to a non-Greek origin.
期刊介绍:
Al-Qanṭara inició su publicación en 1980, como continuación de Al-Andalus (1933-1978). Al-Qanṭara está dedicada a la civilización del Islam clásico (hasta el siglo XVII incluido) con especial atención al Occidente islámico. Se publica en forma de dos fascículos anuales de unas 250 páginas cada uno. Una sección monográfica aparece en el segundo fascículo de cada año. La revista sólo solicita contribuciones para las secciones monográficas.