Injectivity and Well Deliverability Test and Analysis in an Offshore Complex High CO2 Gas Carbonate Asset

Among the key uncertainties and risks as part of development of a high CO2 offshore gas carbonate field; production well deliverability, produced CO2 management, and cap rock integrity have been identified as potential techno-commercial showstoppers that need further appraisal and studies. CO2 storage and sequestration in the aquifer of the same field was identified as the most feasible and economic option for the Produced CO2 management and hence the injectivity within the targeted intervals and aquifer become part of the appraisal and study scope. An extensive over 200 m coring program covering various intervals including overburden, caprock, carbonate hydrocarbon intervals and aquifer has been designed as part of data acquisition and surveillance plan. The main plan scope were designed as:To establish reservoir properties & characterizationTo measure formation pressure and acquire fluid sampleTo establish reservoir injectivity and productivity at the prospective intervalsTo acquire data for flow assurance analysis, facilities design and well material selection studies for development planning. The test and analysis has been successfully conducted covering the intended scope of the plan. Based on the Well test and PTA, the reservoir permeability is calculated and is more or less aligned with the core permeability with the total high skin which the majority comes from geometrical/limited-entry skin. The productivity index is calculated to be 21 STB/day/psi. There is difficulty to analyze the Injectivity test due to non-isothermal effects during injection and fall-off test where the fluid property of both injected water and reservoir water is a function of temperature and time. An approximate method is applied using the average temperature during the fall-off to simplify the case by considering a constant fluid property. Injectivity Index is estimated from rate and pressure data to be around 26 STB/day/psi. However, it declined by time to reach a value close to 13 STB/day/psi. In the second test, Based on pressure transient analysis the homogeneous, vertical well with limited entry, and infinite boundary model with underneath aquifer was accepted as representative for S2 reservoir. To capture the non-Darcy effect, the rate dependent skin model is selected. Non-Darcy coefficient is extracted from well model for IRP in well model (1.0073E-4 (Mscf/day)-1. Generally, the well test and injectivity and productivity analysis objectives are achieved as the fluid type is also confirmed. The paper will detail out the actual test results, methodology and evaluation approaches in this surveillance plan.