Hyper-Mobile Water around Ions, Charged Polymers, and Proteins Observed with High Resolution Microwave Dielectric Spectroscopy

protein molecules. Fixed φ analysis gives a direct comparison of hydration properties of different solutes. With this technique we analyzed the hydration states of alkali-halides aqueous solutions, charged polymers and proteins such as F-actin solutions. Most of solutes called water structure breakers form hyper-mobile water (HMW) layer around the solutes having higher dielectric relaxation frequency than bulk water. Thus, we may obtain further information of collective properties of water surrounding ions, polymers and biomolecules.