人机系统概念

D. McRuer, E. Krendel
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引用次数: 47

摘要

本文提出的人机概念是指一个由机器和积极参与的操作员组成的闭环控制系统。使用一般和特定的工程模型来描述人的组件属性。特别强调的是人类的自适应特性,这使得控制系统与众不同。预测行为是根据实际-物理和概念-有效的显示组织,导致补偿,追求和预知系统组织。给出了自适应算子的传递特性,并列举了自适应模型在随机输入补偿系统设计中的应用。作为一个例子,该模型用于估计一个特定系统的算子和系统特性,并与相关经验数据得出的实验结果进行了比较。在性能评估的讨论中,回顾了任何系统性能指标应具备的基本属性,并提出了一种人工控制系统性能评估的方法。
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The Man-Machine System Concept
The man-machine concept as developed in this paper refers to a closed-loop control system comprising a machine and an actively participating human operator. The human component attributes are described with both general and specific engineering models. Particular emphasis is placed on the human adaptive characteristics which make for an unusual control system. Predictive behavior is discussed in terms of actual-physical and conceptual-effective display organizations resulting in compensatory, pursuit, and precognitive system organizations. Adaptive-operator transfer characteristics are presented, and applications of the adaptive model for random-input compensatory system design are listed. As an example, the model is used to estimate operator and system characteristics for a specific system, and the estirnates are compared with experimental results derived from associated empirical data. In a discussion of performance assessment, the basic attributes which any criterion for system performance should possess are reviewed, and a modus operandi for manual control system performance assessment is proposed.
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