Separation procedures in the identification of the hydrogenation products of biomass-derived hydroxymethylfurfural

Abstract Lignocellulosic biomass is considered an attractive and most abundant renewable carbon feedstock. Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is one of the platform molecules obtained from biomass. HMF transformation in the reductive atmosphere allows to obtain numerous value-added molecules with applications in several recently emerged sectors, e.g. biofuels and biopolymers. This process is still intensively investigated, and more efficient, stable and sustainable solutions are envisaged. Therefore, the choice of efficient analytical methods is of great importance. This review covers the methodologies used for the analysis of HMF hydrodeoxygenation, including chromatographic and spectrometric methods. Techniques such as gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry are mentioned as well in this review.