Hossam M. Nassef, Hoda A. Ahmed, A. Bashal, Mohamed A. El-Atawy, Tahani Y. A. Alanazi, Samar M. Mahgoub, Mahmoud A. Mohamed
A green analytical chemistry study attempts to generate environmentally friendly alternatives to dangerous compounds while reducing waste output. The study thoroughly analyzed eight green tools to determine their greenness. Given its importance in treating hallucinations and delusions produced by Parkinson’s disease psychosis, it is critical to have a reliable and precise method for identifying pimavanserin (PVS) in both pure form and pharmaceutical formulations. The current study used a straightforward approach to forced degradation experiments to establish a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for evaluating stability. The method was executed on the Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column (100 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm particle size) with ultraviolet detection at 226 nm. The Box–Behnken design is the ultimate solution for identifying optimal chromatographic conditions in a timely and efficient manner, with minimal trials required. The study investigated the impact of three factors: acetonitrile ratio, column oven temperature, and flow rate on various responses, namely, retention time, tailing factor, and theoretical plates. Desirability and overlay plots were utilized to forecast the best mobile phase containing a buffer solution: acetonitrile: tetrahydrofuran in a ratio of (65: 20: 15, v/v/v), which proved highly effective in the experiments. Linearity was conducted for PVS in the 3–50 µg·mL−1 range with an R 2 coefficient of determination of 0.9997. PVS had detection and quantification limits of 1.1 and 3.5 µg·mL−1, respectively, indicating a highly significant correlation between the variables studied. PVS’s recovery percentage was determined to be 101.30%. We also used the Six Sigma lean technique to ensure precision and productivity. PVS was tested for acid, base, oxidative hydrolysis, photodegradation, and heat, as per International Council for Harmonisation guidelines. The highest degradation was obtained from oxidative hydrolysis and thermal degradation.
{"title":"A novel Six Sigma approach and eco-friendly RP-HPLC technique for determination of pimavanserin and its degraded products: Application of Box–Behnken design","authors":"Hossam M. Nassef, Hoda A. Ahmed, A. Bashal, Mohamed A. El-Atawy, Tahani Y. A. Alanazi, Samar M. Mahgoub, Mahmoud A. Mohamed","doi":"10.1515/revac-2023-0073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2023-0073","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A green analytical chemistry study attempts to generate environmentally friendly alternatives to dangerous compounds while reducing waste output. The study thoroughly analyzed eight green tools to determine their greenness. Given its importance in treating hallucinations and delusions produced by Parkinson’s disease psychosis, it is critical to have a reliable and precise method for identifying pimavanserin (PVS) in both pure form and pharmaceutical formulations. The current study used a straightforward approach to forced degradation experiments to establish a novel reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method for evaluating stability. The method was executed on the Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column (100 × 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm particle size) with ultraviolet detection at 226 nm. The Box–Behnken design is the ultimate solution for identifying optimal chromatographic conditions in a timely and efficient manner, with minimal trials required. The study investigated the impact of three factors: acetonitrile ratio, column oven temperature, and flow rate on various responses, namely, retention time, tailing factor, and theoretical plates. Desirability and overlay plots were utilized to forecast the best mobile phase containing a buffer solution: acetonitrile: tetrahydrofuran in a ratio of (65: 20: 15, v/v/v), which proved highly effective in the experiments. Linearity was conducted for PVS in the 3–50 µg·mL−1 range with an R\u0000 2 coefficient of determination of 0.9997. PVS had detection and quantification limits of 1.1 and 3.5 µg·mL−1, respectively, indicating a highly significant correlation between the variables studied. PVS’s recovery percentage was determined to be 101.30%. We also used the Six Sigma lean technique to ensure precision and productivity. PVS was tested for acid, base, oxidative hydrolysis, photodegradation, and heat, as per International Council for Harmonisation guidelines. The highest degradation was obtained from oxidative hydrolysis and thermal degradation.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140520833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li Fu, Xiaozhu Liu, Junyi Cao, Huan Li, Anyou Xie, Yue Liu
Lung cancer has a high mortality rate largely due to late-stage diagnosis. Detecting protein and genetic biomarkers through electrochemical immunosensors enables non-invasive early diagnosis. This review discusses recent advances in electrochemical immunosensors for detecting clinically relevant lung cancer biomarkers. The use of nanomaterials like graphene, carbon nanotubes, metal nanoparticles, and conducting polymers in sensor fabrication improves electron transfer kinetics, enhances signal transduction, and allows higher antibody loading. Smart surface immobilization strategies optimize antibody orientation and binding capacity. Amplification approaches utilizing nanomaterials, enzymes, polymers, dendrimers, and DNA nanostructures are applied to enhance output signal per binding event. Various electroanalytical techniques including amperometry, potentiometry, impedance spectroscopy, and voltammetry are employed for quantitative monitoring. Recent immunosensors showcase low detection limits and wide linear ranges for measurement of major biomarkers like carcinoembryonic antigen, neuron specific enolase, and cytokeratin fragment 21-1. Emerging biomarkers such as microRNAs and circulating tumor cells have also been targeted. However, reproducibility, selectivity, multiplexing, and integration with point-of-care platforms need improvement for widespread clinical translation. Overall, electrochemical immunosensors hold immense potential for sensitive, affordable lung cancer diagnosis if ongoing efforts can address current limitations.
肺癌的死亡率很高，主要是因为诊断较晚。通过电化学免疫传感器检测蛋白质和基因生物标志物可实现无创早期诊断。本综述讨论了用于检测临床相关肺癌生物标志物的电化学免疫传感器的最新进展。在传感器制造过程中使用石墨烯、碳纳米管、金属纳米颗粒和导电聚合物等纳米材料可改善电子转移动力学、增强信号传导并提高抗体负载量。智能表面固定策略可优化抗体定向和结合能力。利用纳米材料、酶、聚合物、树枝状聚合物和 DNA 纳米结构的放大方法可提高每次结合事件的输出信号。定量监测采用了各种电分析技术，包括安培计、电位计、阻抗光谱法和伏安法。最近推出的免疫传感器在测量癌胚抗原、神经元特异性烯醇化酶和细胞角蛋白片段 21-1 等主要生物标记物时，检测限低、线性范围宽。微 RNA 和循环肿瘤细胞等新出现的生物标记物也已成为目标。不过，要广泛应用于临床，还需要改进可重复性、选择性、多重性以及与护理点平台的整合。总之，如果目前的努力能解决目前的局限性，电化学免疫传感器在灵敏、经济的肺癌诊断方面具有巨大的潜力。
{"title":"Recent advance in electrochemical immunosensors for lung cancer biomarkers sensing","authors":"Li Fu, Xiaozhu Liu, Junyi Cao, Huan Li, Anyou Xie, Yue Liu","doi":"10.1515/revac-2023-0068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2023-0068","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Lung cancer has a high mortality rate largely due to late-stage diagnosis. Detecting protein and genetic biomarkers through electrochemical immunosensors enables non-invasive early diagnosis. This review discusses recent advances in electrochemical immunosensors for detecting clinically relevant lung cancer biomarkers. The use of nanomaterials like graphene, carbon nanotubes, metal nanoparticles, and conducting polymers in sensor fabrication improves electron transfer kinetics, enhances signal transduction, and allows higher antibody loading. Smart surface immobilization strategies optimize antibody orientation and binding capacity. Amplification approaches utilizing nanomaterials, enzymes, polymers, dendrimers, and DNA nanostructures are applied to enhance output signal per binding event. Various electroanalytical techniques including amperometry, potentiometry, impedance spectroscopy, and voltammetry are employed for quantitative monitoring. Recent immunosensors showcase low detection limits and wide linear ranges for measurement of major biomarkers like carcinoembryonic antigen, neuron specific enolase, and cytokeratin fragment 21-1. Emerging biomarkers such as microRNAs and circulating tumor cells have also been targeted. However, reproducibility, selectivity, multiplexing, and integration with point-of-care platforms need improvement for widespread clinical translation. Overall, electrochemical immunosensors hold immense potential for sensitive, affordable lung cancer diagnosis if ongoing efforts can address current limitations.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140521059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jia Le Lim, M. Rajagopal, G. Akowuah, F. Keshavarzi, Khaled Mohammed Ahmed Alakhali
Clozapine (CLZ) has retained its clinical utility in the management of schizophrenia despite the discovery of novel antipsychotics, as it possesses unique efficacy in the setting of treatment resistant schizophrenia while causing minimal extrapyramidal symptoms. However, these benefits are offset by the risk of agranulocytosis and other side effects, and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is routinely recommended for patients undergoing treatment with CLZ. A multitude of approaches for the quantification of CLZ have been developed for different settings such as TDM, quality control of pharmaceutical dosage forms, and toxicology studies. Primarily, these approaches fall under one of three branches of analysis, namely, chromatography, electrochemical analysis, and spectrophotometry. This study provides a scoping review of the recent advances in the methods of quantification for CLZ and highlights the potential utility of novel methods in the field of drug quantification.
{"title":"Quantitative methods in the analysis of clozapine in human matrices – A scoping review","authors":"Jia Le Lim, M. Rajagopal, G. Akowuah, F. Keshavarzi, Khaled Mohammed Ahmed Alakhali","doi":"10.1515/revac-2023-0066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2023-0066","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Clozapine (CLZ) has retained its clinical utility in the management of schizophrenia despite the discovery of novel antipsychotics, as it possesses unique efficacy in the setting of treatment resistant schizophrenia while causing minimal extrapyramidal symptoms. However, these benefits are offset by the risk of agranulocytosis and other side effects, and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is routinely recommended for patients undergoing treatment with CLZ. A multitude of approaches for the quantification of CLZ have been developed for different settings such as TDM, quality control of pharmaceutical dosage forms, and toxicology studies. Primarily, these approaches fall under one of three branches of analysis, namely, chromatography, electrochemical analysis, and spectrophotometry. This study provides a scoping review of the recent advances in the methods of quantification for CLZ and highlights the potential utility of novel methods in the field of drug quantification.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140518082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. A. Trabik, Reham Abd El-Aziz Ismail, M. Ayad, L. Hussein, A. M. Mahmoud
In this work, a solid-state electrochemical sensor relying on potentiometric transduction was constructed and optimized to detect Bosentan (BOS) in its pharmaceutical dosage form and human plasma. BOS is useful in pulmonary hypertension management as a nonselective endothelin receptor antagonist. A printed circuit board has been constructed and used as a substrate for microfabricated Cu electrodes. In comparison to a microfabricated control (Cu/ISM) electrode, the sensor potential signal drift was enhanced, and the response time was reduced by using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as an ion-to-electron transducer layer. According to IUPAC requirements, the suggested BOS sensors have been electrochemically characterized, and the linear dynamic range is (1.0 × 10−8 to 1.0 × 10−5) M with a limit of detection of 6.28 × 10−9 M and 6.12 × 10−9 M for MWCNT-based sensor (Cu/CNT-NC/ISM) and control sensor (Cu/ISM), respectively. The described sensors have been used successfully to selectively determine BOS in dosage form and human plasma without any pre-treatment steps.
{"title":"Microfabricated potentiometric sensor based on a carbon nanotube transducer layer for selective Bosentan determination","authors":"Y. A. Trabik, Reham Abd El-Aziz Ismail, M. Ayad, L. Hussein, A. M. Mahmoud","doi":"10.1515/revac-2023-0071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2023-0071","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this work, a solid-state electrochemical sensor relying on potentiometric transduction was constructed and optimized to detect Bosentan (BOS) in its pharmaceutical dosage form and human plasma. BOS is useful in pulmonary hypertension management as a nonselective endothelin receptor antagonist. A printed circuit board has been constructed and used as a substrate for microfabricated Cu electrodes. In comparison to a microfabricated control (Cu/ISM) electrode, the sensor potential signal drift was enhanced, and the response time was reduced by using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as an ion-to-electron transducer layer. According to IUPAC requirements, the suggested BOS sensors have been electrochemically characterized, and the linear dynamic range is (1.0 × 10−8 to 1.0 × 10−5) M with a limit of detection of 6.28 × 10−9 M and 6.12 × 10−9 M for MWCNT-based sensor (Cu/CNT-NC/ISM) and control sensor (Cu/ISM), respectively. The described sensors have been used successfully to selectively determine BOS in dosage form and human plasma without any pre-treatment steps.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140525959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Latest trends in honey contaminant analysis, challenges, and opportunities for green chemistry development","authors":"A. Sixto, S. Niell, M. Cesio, Horacio Heinzen","doi":"10.1515/revac-2023-0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2023-0072","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 <jats:p>\u0000 <jats:fig id=\"j_revac-2023-0072_ga_001\" fig-type=\"graphical\">\u0000 <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic/j_revac-2023-0072_ga_001.jpg\" />\u0000 </jats:fig>\u0000 </jats:p>","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140519101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tamara Tadić, Bojana Markovic, Sandra Bulatović, Jelena Lukić, Jelena Radulović, A. Nastasović, A. Onjia
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as materials with determined levels of selectivity and specificity for designated analytes have recently gained much attention in various application fields. However, with the growing adoption of green analytical chemistry (GAC) principles, it is essential to investigate the greenness of MIP synthesis and its subsequent application in sample preparation, as well as to evaluate the “green” nature of the developed analytical methodologies, such as dispersive solid-phase microextraction (DSPME). Accordingly, the main objective of this research was to evaluate the greenness of MIP-based glycidyl methacrylate synthesis and MIP use as a DSPME sorbent prior to high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The green perspective of MIP-DSPME prior to HPLC-MS was investigated using various analytical metric tools such as the Analytical Eco-Scale, the Green Analytical Procedure Index, and Analytical GREEnness (AGREE). Since these analytical tools are not fully implementable for the assessment of the greenness of the MIP synthesis, some alternative approaches were used to optimize the synthesis parameters to make the MIP DSPME sorbent as close as possible to the GAC principles. The calculated AGREE score (0.62) and 91 points in the Analytical Eco-Scale for the proposed DSPME technique using MIP indicated a high level of greenness.
{"title":"Greenness of dispersive microextraction using molecularly imprinted polymers","authors":"Tamara Tadić, Bojana Markovic, Sandra Bulatović, Jelena Lukić, Jelena Radulović, A. Nastasović, A. Onjia","doi":"10.1515/revac-2023-0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2023-0070","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as materials with determined levels of selectivity and specificity for designated analytes have recently gained much attention in various application fields. However, with the growing adoption of green analytical chemistry (GAC) principles, it is essential to investigate the greenness of MIP synthesis and its subsequent application in sample preparation, as well as to evaluate the “green” nature of the developed analytical methodologies, such as dispersive solid-phase microextraction (DSPME). Accordingly, the main objective of this research was to evaluate the greenness of MIP-based glycidyl methacrylate synthesis and MIP use as a DSPME sorbent prior to high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The green perspective of MIP-DSPME prior to HPLC-MS was investigated using various analytical metric tools such as the Analytical Eco-Scale, the Green Analytical Procedure Index, and Analytical GREEnness (AGREE). Since these analytical tools are not fully implementable for the assessment of the greenness of the MIP synthesis, some alternative approaches were used to optimize the synthesis parameters to make the MIP DSPME sorbent as close as possible to the GAC principles. The calculated AGREE score (0.62) and 91 points in the Analytical Eco-Scale for the proposed DSPME technique using MIP indicated a high level of greenness.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140525438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alkaloid enantiomers have different physiological and pharmacological effects, and different chiral compositions have a large impact on cigarette sensory and use safety. Studying the effects of different configurations of alkaloid enantiomers on cigarette sensory is important for the development of tobacco products, but the chiral separation of alkaloid enantiomers has become the core problem. Here, the application of a C18 column coupled with a polysaccharide-based chiral column to separate and detect four pairs of alkaloid enantiomers in tobacco and cigarette smoke of different brands was investigated. Results showed that the tandem technology of the two columns enabled the baseline separation of four pairs of alkaloid enantiomers. The resolution of enantiomers of alkaloids in different tobacco samples differed in content and ratio, showing different chiral distribution characteristics. According to the different distribution characteristics of alkaloid enantiomers, tobacco samples of different brands can be distinguished and real cigarettes can be identified.
{"title":"Enantiomeric separation of four pairs of alkaloids by using a C18 column tandem polysaccharide-based chiral column","authors":"Xiaoxi Si, Yu Tian, Shu-Teng Xu, Chunbo Liu, Zhenjie Li, Ji Yang, Ying Guan, Yangzhou Xie, Xiaoqing Shi, Zhigang Xu, Zhihua Liu","doi":"10.1515/revac-2023-0074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2023-0074","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Alkaloid enantiomers have different physiological and pharmacological effects, and different chiral compositions have a large impact on cigarette sensory and use safety. Studying the effects of different configurations of alkaloid enantiomers on cigarette sensory is important for the development of tobacco products, but the chiral separation of alkaloid enantiomers has become the core problem. Here, the application of a C18 column coupled with a polysaccharide-based chiral column to separate and detect four pairs of alkaloid enantiomers in tobacco and cigarette smoke of different brands was investigated. Results showed that the tandem technology of the two columns enabled the baseline separation of four pairs of alkaloid enantiomers. The resolution of enantiomers of alkaloids in different tobacco samples differed in content and ratio, showing different chiral distribution characteristics. According to the different distribution characteristics of alkaloid enantiomers, tobacco samples of different brands can be distinguished and real cigarettes can be identified.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140525884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahmoud Tareq Abdelwahed, Maha A. Hegazy, Ekram H Mohamed
Abstract Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is a very popular medicinal herb originated mainly in India and found in the Middle East and parts of Africa. Ashwagandha has gained recognition as the most revered plant in Ayurvedic medicine. Studies indicated that it is used as anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, adaptogen, memory enhancer, and possess an effect on neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, it was revealed that the plant exerts antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, aphrodisiac, and cardiovascular protection activities. Due to the biological and nutritional importance of nutraceuticals, particularly ashwagandha, and as part of the ongoing research of the natural products and its bioactive phytochemicals, this review aims to summarize the recent analytical techniques that have been reported for the determination of different chemical constituents of Withania somnifera quantitatively and qualitatively, and to highlight new challenges.
{"title":"Major biochemical constituents of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) extract: A review of chemical analysis","authors":"Mahmoud Tareq Abdelwahed, Maha A. Hegazy, Ekram H Mohamed","doi":"10.1515/revac-2022-0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2022-0055","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is a very popular medicinal herb originated mainly in India and found in the Middle East and parts of Africa. Ashwagandha has gained recognition as the most revered plant in Ayurvedic medicine. Studies indicated that it is used as anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, adaptogen, memory enhancer, and possess an effect on neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, it was revealed that the plant exerts antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, aphrodisiac, and cardiovascular protection activities. Due to the biological and nutritional importance of nutraceuticals, particularly ashwagandha, and as part of the ongoing research of the natural products and its bioactive phytochemicals, this review aims to summarize the recent analytical techniques that have been reported for the determination of different chemical constituents of Withania somnifera quantitatively and qualitatively, and to highlight new challenges.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88956990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Granados-Guzmán, Mónica Díaz-Hernández, R. Álvarez-Román, Norma Cavazos-Rocha, Omar J. Portillo-Castillo
Abstract Currently, sample preparation is the most laborious part of the analytical process, requiring the most time and being susceptible to the most errors. In this context, numerous investigations have focused on the miniaturization of these techniques to reduce work time, costs, and errors. In this regard, microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) is a simple, fast, and robust sample preparation technique suitable for easy automation in several analytical systems and is applied to a wide variety of samples. Antibiotics are among the most commonly used drugs; however, their extensive and inappropriate use has garnered significant attention in the environment, human health, and food safety. This brief review is intended to provide an overview of recently reported antibiotic extraction methods based on MEPS, with a special interest in those applied to the analysis of biological, environmental, and food samples. In addition, the sample pretreatment step before extraction by the MEPS device was highlighted, as was the description of the sample-related steps within the MEPS procedure, such as extraction, washing, and elution.
{"title":"A brief review of the application of microextraction by packed sorbent for antibiotics analysis from biological, food, and environmental samples","authors":"G. Granados-Guzmán, Mónica Díaz-Hernández, R. Álvarez-Román, Norma Cavazos-Rocha, Omar J. Portillo-Castillo","doi":"10.1515/revac-2023-0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2023-0057","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Currently, sample preparation is the most laborious part of the analytical process, requiring the most time and being susceptible to the most errors. In this context, numerous investigations have focused on the miniaturization of these techniques to reduce work time, costs, and errors. In this regard, microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) is a simple, fast, and robust sample preparation technique suitable for easy automation in several analytical systems and is applied to a wide variety of samples. Antibiotics are among the most commonly used drugs; however, their extensive and inappropriate use has garnered significant attention in the environment, human health, and food safety. This brief review is intended to provide an overview of recently reported antibiotic extraction methods based on MEPS, with a special interest in those applied to the analysis of biological, environmental, and food samples. In addition, the sample pretreatment step before extraction by the MEPS device was highlighted, as was the description of the sample-related steps within the MEPS procedure, such as extraction, washing, and elution.","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85000995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liu Yang, Molin Qin, Genwei Zhang, Jie Yang, Junchao Yang, Jiang Zhao
Abstract Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are chemical substances intended for use in military operations to kill, injure, or incapacitate an enemy. It is very important to detect toxic CWAs at trace levels on site. Compared with traditional CWA analysis instrument methods, chemiresistive gas sensors present advantages of being small, fast, and inexpensive. Chemiresistive gas sensors are still an important research topic with the development of nanofabrication technology and new kinds of sensing materials, including carbon nanotubes, graphene, and black phosphorus (BP). Chemiresistive gas sensors are divided into three categories according to the type of sensitive materials: carbon- and BP-based materials, conductive polymers, and metal oxide semiconductors. A brief analysis was carried out on fabrication strategies using sensitive materials, including hydrogen bonding strategies, nanostructures, morphology, doping effects, composite materials, and other material application methods, and the sensitive materials and detection effects are summarized in this study. This review aims to provide guidance in the development of chemiresistive sensors for the detection of CWAs. Graphical abstract
{"title":"Progress of sensitive materials in chemiresistive sensors for detecting chemical warfare agent simulants: A review","authors":"Liu Yang, Molin Qin, Genwei Zhang, Jie Yang, Junchao Yang, Jiang Zhao","doi":"10.1515/revac-2022-0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2022-0052","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are chemical substances intended for use in military operations to kill, injure, or incapacitate an enemy. It is very important to detect toxic CWAs at trace levels on site. Compared with traditional CWA analysis instrument methods, chemiresistive gas sensors present advantages of being small, fast, and inexpensive. Chemiresistive gas sensors are still an important research topic with the development of nanofabrication technology and new kinds of sensing materials, including carbon nanotubes, graphene, and black phosphorus (BP). Chemiresistive gas sensors are divided into three categories according to the type of sensitive materials: carbon- and BP-based materials, conductive polymers, and metal oxide semiconductors. A brief analysis was carried out on fabrication strategies using sensitive materials, including hydrogen bonding strategies, nanostructures, morphology, doping effects, composite materials, and other material application methods, and the sensitive materials and detection effects are summarized in this study. This review aims to provide guidance in the development of chemiresistive sensors for the detection of CWAs. Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":21090,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Analytical Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78979649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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