Estimation and Evaluation of (Uric Acid, Glutathione, Ceroplasmin) and the Trace Elements (Iron, Copper, Zinc) Levels in Type_2 Diabetic Patients in Basrah Governorate-Iraq

Type 2 diabetes occurs mainly as a result of two interrelated problems Cells in the muscles, fat, and liver become insulin resistant, because the cells do not react in a normal way to insulin, they do not absorb enough sugar, and thus the pancreas becomes unable to secrete an adequate amount of insulin to control blood sugar levels. Since antioxidants and trace elements have a role in the treatment of diabetes by defending beta cells against oxidative stress, so the current research was conducted to find out the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants (Uric acid, Glutathione, Ceruloplasmin) and some trace elements (Iron, Copper, Zinc) that act as antioxidants in serum of type 2 diabetic patients compared to healthy subjects in Basrah Governorate-Iraq by age. The number of patients in the study was (50) patients (26 males-24 females) and healthy subjects (43), including (11 males-32 females). It was found that there was a significant decrease at the level of significance (p<0.001) in the levels of each of (Glutathione, Ceruloplasmin, Iron and Zinc) in patients and healthy subjects and this decrease increased with age, while there was a significant increase at the level of significance (p<0.001) in the levels of (Uric acid and Copper) at patients and healthy subjects with age.