分析欧洲联盟对量子后量子限制的看法

IF 0.2 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Visnyk NTUU KPI Seriia-Radiotekhnika Radioaparatobuduvannia Pub Date : 2022-09-28 DOI:10.30837/rt.2022.3.210.06
Ye. V. Ostrianska, M. Yesina, I. Gorbenko
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摘要

实际上,目前使用的所有非对称加密方案都受到强大量子计算机潜在发展的威胁。虽然目前没有明确的答案,也不清楚CRQC何时或是否会被建立,而且现代量子计算机与设想的CRQC之间的差距是巨大的,但创建CRQC的风险意味着目前部署的公钥加密必须被量子抵抗的替代方案所取代。例如,使用现代公钥加密技术加密的信息可以被密码分析人员记录下来,如果可以创建QRQC,则可以对其进行攻击。CRQC可能造成的潜在危害是寻求对策的动机的基础,即使我们不确定这些计算机何时以及是否可以建造。使用公钥加密的已部署系统也可能需要数年时间来更新。后量子密码学是对抗量子计算机威胁的一种方法。它的安全性基于数学问题的复杂性,这些问题目前被认为无法有效解决——即使有量子计算机的帮助。后量子密码学涉及非对称密码系统的开发和研究,根据目前的知识,即使是强大的量子计算机也无法破解。这些方法是基于数学问题的解决,既没有有效的经典算法,也没有有效的量子算法已知的今天。现代研究中使用了各种实现后量子密码学的方法,包括:基于代码的密码学,基于格的密码学,基于哈希的密码学,基于等基因的密码学和多维密码学。本工作的目的是回顾量子计算机的计算模型;对现代密码学影响最大的量子算法;创建加密相关量子计算机(CRQC)的风险;CRQC存在下对称密码和公钥密码的安全性NIST PQC标准化工作;向抗量子公钥加密的过渡;欧盟抗量子密码学的相关性、观点和发展现状。它还突出了该领域最重要的工作进展:NIST的后量子密码学标准化。
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Analysis of views of the European Union on quantum-post-quantum limitations
Virtually all asymmetric cryptographic schemes currently in use are threatened by the potential development of powerful quantum computers. Although there is currently no definite answer and it is very unclear when or even if CRQC will ever be built and the gap between modern quantum computers and the envisioned CRQC is huge, the risk of creating CRQC means that currently deployed public key cryptography must be replaced by quantum-resistant ones alternatives. For example, information encrypted using modern public key cryptography can be recorded by cryptanalysts and then attacked if a QRQC can be created. The potential harm that CRQC could cause is the basis of the motivation to seek countermeasures, even though we have uncertainties about when and if these computers can be built. Deployed systems that use public key cryptography can also take years to update. Post-quantum cryptography is one way to combat quantum computer threats. Its security is based on the complexity of mathematical problems that are currently considered unsolvable efficiently – even with the help of quantum computers. Post-quantum cryptography deals with the development and research of asymmetric cryptosystems, which, according to current knowledge, cannot be broken even by powerful quantum computers. These methods are based on mathematical problems for the solution of which neither efficient classical algorithms nor efficient quantum algorithms are known today. Various approaches to the implementation of post-quantum cryptography are used in modern research, including: code-based cryptography, lattice-based cryptography, hashing-based cryptography, isogeny-based cryptography, and multidimensional cryptography. The purpose of this work is to review the computational model of quantum computers; quantum algorithms, which have the greatest impact on modern cryptography; the risk of creating cryptographically relevant quantum computers (CRQC); security of symmetric cryptography and public key cryptography in the presence of CRQC; NIST PQC standardization efforts; transition to quantum-resistant public-key cryptography; relevance, views and current state of development of quantum-resistant cryptography in the European Union. It also highlights the progress of the most important effort in the field: NIST's standardization of post-quantum cryptography.
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Visnyk NTUU KPI Seriia-Radiotekhnika Radioaparatobuduvannia
Visnyk NTUU KPI Seriia-Radiotekhnika Radioaparatobuduvannia ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC-
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