癌症化疗中的化学保护剂:最新进展

A. Basu, A. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhattacharya
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引用次数: 2

摘要

肿瘤化疗药物在恶性肿瘤患者的治疗中起着不可或缺的作用。然而,化疗具有显著的毒性,对患者的健康有不利影响。因此,由于无法提供足够的剂量强化治疗,导致治疗延迟或停止,治疗结果受到影响。化学保护剂的开发是为了减轻与化疗药物相关的毒性,通过为正常组织提供器官特异性保护,而不影响抗肿瘤功效。目前的综述重点介绍了化疗相关毒性管理中的化学保护剂,如:氨磷汀、阿瑞吡坦、右razoxane、非格拉西汀、沙格拉莫stim、mesna、oprelvekin、palifermin、重组人促红细胞生成素等。此外,还介绍了化疗保护剂与化疗药物同时使用的现状,重点介绍了它们的安全性。这些细胞保护剂联合化疗的优势作用在临床研究中仍存在争议,因为它们对正常组织和器官的保护效果一般,同时存在肿瘤保护和不良反应的风险。此外,成功的代理商数量很少。因此,确定新的方法和化学保护剂具有更好地管理化疗癌症的潜力。
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Chemoprotectants in cancer chemotherapy: An update
Cancer chemotherapeutic agents play an integral part in the management of patients with malignancy. However, chemotherapy is associated with significant toxicity with an adverse impact on the health of the patients. As a result the therapeutic outcome is influenced due to the inability to deliver sufficient dose-intensive therapy leading to treatment delays or cessation. Chemoprotectants have been developed in order to mitigate the toxicity associated with chemotherapeutic agents by providing organ-specific protection to normal tissues, without compromising the antitumor efficacy. The current review highlights chemoprotectants in the management of chemotherapeutics-associated toxicity, such as: amifostine, aprepitant, dexrazoxane, filgrastim, sargramostim, mesna, oprelvekin, palifermin, recombinant human erythropoietin etc. Additionally, the present status on the concurrent use of chemoprotectants in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, with focus on their safety is included. The advantageous role of these cytoprotective agents combined with chemotherapy remains controversial in clinical studies due to moderate protective efficacy for normal tissues and organs, risk of concomitant tumor protection and adverse reactions. Besides, the number of successful agents is rather small. Therefore, identification of novel approaches and chemoprotectants holds potential for better management of cancer with chemotherapy.
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