酒吧架筛分效果经验方程的建立与评价

IF 4.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of ecohydraulics Pub Date : 2020-06-29 DOI:10.1080/24705357.2020.1770135
Elena-Maria Klopries, A. Wilmink, E. Pummer, Imke Böckmann, A. Hoffmann, H. Schüttrumpf
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引用次数: 3

摘要

通过水电站会对下游洄游鱼类造成严重伤害。如果按照指导原则正确设计,杆架和旁路系统可以帮助保护鱼类免受涡轮机引起的死亡。目前,不可能评估不符合鱼类保护设计标准的酒吧架的效果。本文将筛选效果作为酒吧架的性能参数,并基于经验方法建立了确定酒吧架对银鳗筛选效果的公式。我们将鳗鱼的方程与欧洲鳗鱼(Anguilla Anguilla)、蟑螂(Rutilus Rutilus)和大西洋鲑鱼幼鱼(Salmo salar)的行为实验室研究结果进行了比较。我们证明,这个等式不适用于蟑螂和大西洋鲑鱼幼崽。使用单变量统计,我们发现了杆架间距对引导系统筛选效果的显著影响,包括有(Kruskal-Wallis检验,p = 0.002)和没有旁路(Kruskal-Wallis检验,p = 0.0220)的鳗鱼和没有旁路的鲑鱼(Kruskal-Wallis检验,p = 0.001),显著性水平为0.05。在不搭桥的杆架和间距为20 mm (Kruskal-Wallis试验,p = 0.003)、40 mm (Kruskal-Wallis试验,p < 0.001)以及有搭桥的杆架和间距为40 mm (Kruskal-Wallis试验,p = 0.014)、60 mm (Kruskal-Wallis试验,p = 0.001)的杆架试验中,对鱼种的筛选效果有显著差异。研究结果有助于对非最佳酒吧架进行生物学评价和规划改造措施。
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Development and evaluation of an empirical equation for the screening effect of bar racks
Abstract Passage through hydropower plants can cause severe injuries for downstream migrating fish. Bar racks and bypass systems can help to protect fish from turbine-induced mortality if they are designed correctly following guidelines. Currently, it is not possible to assess how effective bar racks are that do not meet design criteria for fish protection. We introduced the screening effect as a performance parameter for bar racks and developed an equation for determining the screening effect of bar racks for silver eels based on an empirical approach. We compared the equation for eels with the results of behavioural laboratory studies with European eels (Anguilla anguilla), roach (Rutilus rutilus) and Atlantic salmon smolts (Salmo salar). We showed that the equation is not applicable for roach and Atlantic salmon smolts. Using univariate statistics, we identified a significant influence of the bar rack spacing on the screening effect for eels for the guidance system with (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.002) and without a bypass (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.0220) and for salmon without a bypass (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.001) for a significance level of 0.05. The screening effect was significantly different between the fish species tested for a bar rack without bypass and 20 mm bar rack spacing (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.003) and 40 mm (Kruskal-Wallis test, p < 0.001) as well as a bar rack with a bypass and either 40 mm bar rack spacing (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.014) or 60 mm (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.001). The results can help to perform biological evaluations and plan retrofitting measures of non-optimal bar racks.
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