污水处理厂微塑料检测方法的比较

Yudum Bıyık, N. Baycan
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引用次数: 1

摘要

通过人为活动和环境事件(如风、紫外线和水波作用),塑料可以变成数百万个塑料微粒碎片。由于其表面疏水性、对持久性有机污染物的吸收、输送污染物的潜力和持久性,微塑料有可能通过水动力过程和水流在水环境中广泛分散。塑料材料很耐用,随着时间的推移,它们不会分解成小的塑料颗粒。这些小于5毫米的小颗粒通常被定义为微塑料。由于塑料生产速度的提高,世界范围内自然环境中塑料废物的积累迅速增加。然而,塑料废物对不同生态系统的影响在很大程度上仍然未知。水和废水处理厂是估计塑料废物释放到环境中或在环境中滞留量的重要设施。微塑性分析中的采样、分析和标准化测量仍然是一个持续的问题。由于废水具有混合基质,迄今为止很少进行微塑料测量。此外,缺乏识别微塑料的标准和可行方法限制了对微塑料的正确评估,并可能导致不正确的估计。本研究对废水中微塑料的取样技术、提取方法和鉴定方法进行了比较。研究主要采用图型取样、湿式过氧化物氧化、显微镜和傅里叶变换红外分光光度计(FTIR)鉴定等方法。在FTIR分析中确定微塑料的聚合物结构,发现最常见的聚合物类型是聚丙烯(PP)和聚乙烯(PE)。
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Comparison of Microplastic Detection Methods in Wastewater Treatment Plants
A plastic can be turned into millions of fragments of microplastic particles by anthropogenic activities and environmental events (such as wind, UV light, and the water wave action). Due to their surface hydrophobicity, absorbance of persistent organic pollutants, potential to transport contaminants and persistent properties, microplastics have the potential to become widely dispersed in the water environment via hydrodynamic processes and water currents. Plastic materials are durable and, rather than decomposing, they break down into small plastic particles over time. These small particles of less than 5 mm are usually defined as microplastics. As a consequence of the large plastic production rates, plastic waste accumulation in the natural environment has rapidly increased worldwide. However, the effects of plastic wastes in different ecosystems are still largely unknown. Water and wastewater treatment plants are important facilities to estimate plastic waste release to or retention amounts in the environment. Sampling, analysis and standardization of measurements in microplastic analysis is still an ongoing issue. Since wastewater has a mixed matrix, very few microplastic measurements have been made so far. Furthermore, the lack of a standard and viable method to identify microplastics has limited the correct assessment of microplastics and may lead to an incorrect estimation. In this study, microplastic sampling techniques, extraction methods and identification methods of microplastics in wastewater were compared. It was concluded that studies were mostly performed with grap-type sampling, wet peroxite oxidation and identification methods with a microscope and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR). In the FTIR analysis to determine the polymer structure of microplastics, the most common type of polymers were found to be polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE).
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