Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021012016
Farnaz Fattahi
The continuous challenges that society faces, from civic inequality to intensifying ecological problems, require a responsive contextualisation of the social environment. Responding to existing issues, the Spatial Provocateur challenges evolving matters by creating disruptive intervention scenarios and provocative narratives through choreographing immersive experiences of collective interaction. This research seeks to ground the notion of the Spatial Provocateur in expanding the social role of architecture. This research investigates the role of the Spatial Provocateur, which is increasingly becoming significant in finding alternative forms of spatial expressions to address evolving social matters and raise questions in response to collective concerns.
{"title":"Spatial Provocateur—Questioning the Status Quo","authors":"Farnaz Fattahi","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021012016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021012016","url":null,"abstract":"The continuous challenges that society faces, from civic inequality to intensifying ecological problems, require a responsive contextualisation of the social environment. Responding to existing issues, the Spatial Provocateur challenges evolving matters by creating disruptive intervention scenarios and provocative narratives through choreographing immersive experiences of collective interaction. This research seeks to ground the notion of the Spatial Provocateur in expanding the social role of architecture. This research investigates the role of the Spatial Provocateur, which is increasingly becoming significant in finding alternative forms of spatial expressions to address evolving social matters and raise questions in response to collective concerns.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80875360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021012018
Wei Du, S. Sepasgozar, Juan Sebastian Garzon Romero
In recent years, the improvement of risk management and the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) training process has become a hot topic. Virtual Reality (VR) technology is an efficient method to improve training efficiency and reduce accidents. Previous studies have validated its feasibility and usefulness in the construction industry. However, there is currently a lack of research on the adoption of VR technology in the Chinese construction industry. The present work explores the current applications of VR and the model for possible adoption by the Chinese construction companies using a mixed research methodology. Furthermore, this research has quantified the relationships between each adoption variable in China.
{"title":"Measuring Virtual Reality (VR) Technology Application and Adoption in Chinese Construction Risk Management","authors":"Wei Du, S. Sepasgozar, Juan Sebastian Garzon Romero","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021012018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021012018","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the improvement of risk management and the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) training process has become a hot topic. Virtual Reality (VR) technology is an efficient method to improve training efficiency and reduce accidents. Previous studies have validated its feasibility and usefulness in the construction industry. However, there is currently a lack of research on the adoption of VR technology in the Chinese construction industry. The present work explores the current applications of VR and the model for possible adoption by the Chinese construction companies using a mixed research methodology. Furthermore, this research has quantified the relationships between each adoption variable in China.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77539580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021012017
Raffaele Pernice
Focusing on the forgotten lessons and potential legacy of the urban projects proposed by the Japanese avant-garde architectural movement of Metabolism, which emerged in the 1960s, and on the critical and comparative study of large-scale waterfront regeneration and design in Tokyo and Sydney, two education and research projects were initiated at UNSW-School of the Built Environment in 2019 and 2021, with the aim of looking at the future of the city in an age of climate change, global warming and rising sea levels. Structured around a variety of international workshops, joint design studios, collaborative archive and documentary reviews, multi-disciplinary seminars, and international symposia, with the participation of national and international academics and scholars, both research projects are currently in progress, with the support of competitive research grants from the Japan Foundation, the Australia–Japan Foundation (AJF), the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), and other internal grants from the Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture (ADA) at UNSW Sydney.
{"title":"From the Urbanism of Metabolism to Sydney/Tokyo Waterfronts Regeneration (2019–2022)","authors":"Raffaele Pernice","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021012017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021012017","url":null,"abstract":"Focusing on the forgotten lessons and potential legacy of the urban projects proposed by the Japanese avant-garde architectural movement of Metabolism, which emerged in the 1960s, and on the critical and comparative study of large-scale waterfront regeneration and design in Tokyo and Sydney, two education and research projects were initiated at UNSW-School of the Built Environment in 2019 and 2021, with the aim of looking at the future of the city in an age of climate change, global warming and rising sea levels. Structured around a variety of international workshops, joint design studios, collaborative archive and documentary reviews, multi-disciplinary seminars, and international symposia, with the participation of national and international academics and scholars, both research projects are currently in progress, with the support of competitive research grants from the Japan Foundation, the Australia–Japan Foundation (AJF), the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), and other internal grants from the Faculty of Art, Design and Architecture (ADA) at UNSW Sydney.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85809234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-25DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021012015
C. Buratti, E. Belloni, F. Merli, Mehrangiz Mastoori, Seyede Najme Sharifi, G. Pignatta
Demand for energy-efficient school buildings, which form a major part of public buildings, is growing in Iran. Window insulation is required to reduce the amount of energy wasted through openings. This study investigates the effect of double-glazing with aerogel insulation compared to a 3 mm glazing pane and a double-glazing window in terms of solar gain and cooling load. The case studies are primary schools in Yazd (hot-dry climate), Bushehr (hot-humid climate), and Zanjan (cold climate). Numerical simulations of a two-story school are performed to calculate solar gain and cooling load. The use of the aerogel glazing system in Yazd resulted in a reduction of 73% of the solar gain and about 33% of cooling loads compared to a simple glazing window; if compared to a double-glazing standard window, the reductions are of about 56% and 16%, respectively for solar gains and cooling consumptions. Also, the use of aerogel glazing in Bushehr allows a reduction of about 64% in terms of solar gain and 27% for cooling when compared to simple glazing. By using the aerogel in Zanjan school the solar gain decreased by about 62% and cooling loads of about 22% when compared to a single layer of glazing.
{"title":"Analysis of Nano Silica Aerogel Based Glazing Effect on the Solar Heat Gain and Cooling Load in a School under Different Climatic Conditions","authors":"C. Buratti, E. Belloni, F. Merli, Mehrangiz Mastoori, Seyede Najme Sharifi, G. Pignatta","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021012015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021012015","url":null,"abstract":"Demand for energy-efficient school buildings, which form a major part of public buildings, is growing in Iran. Window insulation is required to reduce the amount of energy wasted through openings. This study investigates the effect of double-glazing with aerogel insulation compared to a 3 mm glazing pane and a double-glazing window in terms of solar gain and cooling load. The case studies are primary schools in Yazd (hot-dry climate), Bushehr (hot-humid climate), and Zanjan (cold climate). Numerical simulations of a two-story school are performed to calculate solar gain and cooling load. The use of the aerogel glazing system in Yazd resulted in a reduction of 73% of the solar gain and about 33% of cooling loads compared to a simple glazing window; if compared to a double-glazing standard window, the reductions are of about 56% and 16%, respectively for solar gains and cooling consumptions. Also, the use of aerogel glazing in Bushehr allows a reduction of about 64% in terms of solar gain and 27% for cooling when compared to simple glazing. By using the aerogel in Zanjan school the solar gain decreased by about 62% and cooling loads of about 22% when compared to a single layer of glazing.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73850193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-25DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2022014001
Michalis A Vasiliades, A. Hadjichambis, Demetra Hadjichambi, A. Adamou, Yiannis Georgiou
Citizen science (CS) has shown tremendous popularity in recent years; however, there is still a lack of understanding of important aspects that determine citizens’ participation and involvement in CS initiatives. Although CS initiatives could serve as a means of promoting forms of participation that contribute to the democratization of science, limited attention is still being paid to the “citizen” component of the citizen science term. For this reason, a systematic literature review (SLR), aligned with the PRISMA methodology, was applied to empirical studies on citizens’ participation in environmental and nature-based CS initiatives established over the last two decades. The participatory aspect of the retrieved 119 CS initiatives was analysed on the basis of: (a) citizens’ participation and (b) environmental citizenship. Our findings show that the majority of the CS initiatives were mostly limited to the local scale, and they primarily followed the contributory model, in which volunteers were mostly treated as “data collectors”. Therefore, it is important to overcome barriers related to the design and implementation of CS that hinder citizens’ participation and, at the same time, to strengthen democratization through a more participatory engagement of active and aware citizens, thus promoting environmental citizenship.
{"title":"Investigating the Participation Facets of Environmental Citizen Science Initiatives: A Systematic Literature Review of Empirical Research","authors":"Michalis A Vasiliades, A. Hadjichambis, Demetra Hadjichambi, A. Adamou, Yiannis Georgiou","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2022014001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2022014001","url":null,"abstract":"Citizen science (CS) has shown tremendous popularity in recent years; however, there is still a lack of understanding of important aspects that determine citizens’ participation and involvement in CS initiatives. Although CS initiatives could serve as a means of promoting forms of participation that contribute to the democratization of science, limited attention is still being paid to the “citizen” component of the citizen science term. For this reason, a systematic literature review (SLR), aligned with the PRISMA methodology, was applied to empirical studies on citizens’ participation in environmental and nature-based CS initiatives established over the last two decades. The participatory aspect of the retrieved 119 CS initiatives was analysed on the basis of: (a) citizens’ participation and (b) environmental citizenship. Our findings show that the majority of the CS initiatives were mostly limited to the local scale, and they primarily followed the contributory model, in which volunteers were mostly treated as “data collectors”. Therefore, it is important to overcome barriers related to the design and implementation of CS that hinder citizens’ participation and, at the same time, to strengthen democratization through a more participatory engagement of active and aware citizens, thus promoting environmental citizenship.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82015118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-25DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021012014
Otto Newhouse, Hoon Han, G. Pignatta
This research identifies patterns of conflicting interorganisational information exchange requirements in precinct modelling and simulation (M&S) depending on the interaction and expertise of the collaborating actors. Internationally surveying leading experts, it extends multicriteria decision analysis with partitioning matrices of superposed orders from the eigenvectors of comparative datasets. The results are applied to real-world industry tasks and exchanges established for building M&S to combine and reuse them as models for precinct assets including energy infrastructure and also for supporting modular information exchanges between digital precinct models.
{"title":"Enabling Decision-Making Analytics for Collaborative Information Exchanges of Digital Precinct Models","authors":"Otto Newhouse, Hoon Han, G. Pignatta","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021012014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021012014","url":null,"abstract":"This research identifies patterns of conflicting interorganisational information exchange requirements in precinct modelling and simulation (M&S) depending on the interaction and expertise of the collaborating actors. Internationally surveying leading experts, it extends multicriteria decision analysis with partitioning matrices of superposed orders from the eigenvectors of comparative datasets. The results are applied to real-world industry tasks and exchanges established for building M&S to combine and reuse them as models for precinct assets including energy infrastructure and also for supporting modular information exchanges between digital precinct models.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83369358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-21DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021012010
G. Pignatta, U. Alibrandi
Urban communities are complex systems. According to the holistic perspective of the systems thinking theory, the “whole is not the sum of its parts, but rather is a product of the parts’ interactions”. This systems-thinking approach is commonly applied to analyse urban systems and developments. This study introduces the Risk-informed Digital Building Twin (RDBT) based on the Risk-informed Digital Twin (RDT), a novel digitalization technology incorporating an integrated multi-dimensional multi-stakeholders decision-making system under uncertainty. In the RDBT, energy-efficient, resilient, and sustainable systems/subsystems of civil engineering can be considered at the scale of the single building to assess different needs. Monitored data are critical to performing comprehensive near real-time lifecycle holistic analyses through the framework of Sustainable and Resilient Based Engineering. An apartment building located in Sydney, Australia, has been selected for future deployment of the RDBT.
{"title":"Risk-Informed Digital Twin (RDT) for the Decarbonization of the Built Environment: The Australian Residential Context","authors":"G. Pignatta, U. Alibrandi","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021012010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021012010","url":null,"abstract":"Urban communities are complex systems. According to the holistic perspective of the systems thinking theory, the “whole is not the sum of its parts, but rather is a product of the parts’ interactions”. This systems-thinking approach is commonly applied to analyse urban systems and developments. This study introduces the Risk-informed Digital Building Twin (RDBT) based on the Risk-informed Digital Twin (RDT), a novel digitalization technology incorporating an integrated multi-dimensional multi-stakeholders decision-making system under uncertainty. In the RDBT, energy-efficient, resilient, and sustainable systems/subsystems of civil engineering can be considered at the scale of the single building to assess different needs. Monitored data are critical to performing comprehensive near real-time lifecycle holistic analyses through the framework of Sustainable and Resilient Based Engineering. An apartment building located in Sydney, Australia, has been selected for future deployment of the RDBT.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75047178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-21DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc20210120012
E. Bakhtiar, Afshin Naeimi, A. Behbahaninia, G. Pignatta
This study proposes a hybrid renewable energy system consisting of photovoltaic panels and a wind turbine to supply the total or part of the demand of a grid-connected residential building and presents the optimal system size using a genetic algorithm. Wind speed, solar irradiance, and electricity demand are monitored in 15 min intervals over a year. It is found that the optimal values for PV panels’ area, rated power of the wind turbine, and the tower height are 148.5 m2, 1.5 kW, and 20 m, respectively. These optimal values lead to a total system cost of EUR 42,218 over 20 years.
{"title":"Size Optimization of a Grid-Connected Solar–Wind Hybrid System in Net Zero Energy Buildings: A Case Study","authors":"E. Bakhtiar, Afshin Naeimi, A. Behbahaninia, G. Pignatta","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc20210120012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc20210120012","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a hybrid renewable energy system consisting of photovoltaic panels and a wind turbine to supply the total or part of the demand of a grid-connected residential building and presents the optimal system size using a genetic algorithm. Wind speed, solar irradiance, and electricity demand are monitored in 15 min intervals over a year. It is found that the optimal values for PV panels’ area, rated power of the wind turbine, and the tower height are 148.5 m2, 1.5 kW, and 20 m, respectively. These optimal values lead to a total system cost of EUR 42,218 over 20 years.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90643082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-18DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021012007
Shoumik Desai, N. V. S. K. Manapragada, G. Pignatta
Most of the southern Indian cities are in the warm and humid coastal belt where the summer and winter mean temperature varies between 25 and 35 °C and 20 and 30 °C, respectively, with mean relative humidity, responsible for mould growth in buildings, ranging as high as 70–90% across the year. This paper focuses on identifying the mould growth index (MGI) using Heat and Mass Transfer analysis in EnergyPlus (v-9.3) for an autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) wall assembly in the warm–humid climate of Mangalore. It is found that AAC has an annual mean MGI of 3.5, and that key drivers for mould growth are surface temperature and surface humidity.
{"title":"A Study of Mould Growth Using HAMT EnergyPlus Simulation Method in Warm and Humid Climate of Mangalore, India","authors":"Shoumik Desai, N. V. S. K. Manapragada, G. Pignatta","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021012007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021012007","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the southern Indian cities are in the warm and humid coastal belt where the summer and winter mean temperature varies between 25 and 35 °C and 20 and 30 °C, respectively, with mean relative humidity, responsible for mould growth in buildings, ranging as high as 70–90% across the year. This paper focuses on identifying the mould growth index (MGI) using Heat and Mass Transfer analysis in EnergyPlus (v-9.3) for an autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) wall assembly in the warm–humid climate of Mangalore. It is found that AAC has an annual mean MGI of 3.5, and that key drivers for mould growth are surface temperature and surface humidity.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87110025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-18DOI: 10.3390/environsciproc2021012006
Atefeh Sajadian, S. Niazmardi, M. Argany, R. Arababadi, G. Pignatta
A large number of factors affect the energy consumption of a building. These factors can be categorized into building-related and space-related factors. The purpose of this study was to use the geospatial information system (GIS) to estimate and analyze the relative importance of factors within either group to model the gas and electricity consumption of several randomly selected residential buildings in the city of Kerman, Iran. The considered building-related factors were age, area, and price of the building, and the space-related factors were elevation, vegetation cover, and land surface temperature. The results showed that the area, elevation, and vegetation cover were the most important factors for gas consumption, while the age of the building and the land surface temperature affected the electricity consumption more than others.
{"title":"Investigating the Relative Importance of Spatial and Environmental Factors on Energy Consumption in the Residential Sectors Using GIS (Case Study: Kerman)","authors":"Atefeh Sajadian, S. Niazmardi, M. Argany, R. Arababadi, G. Pignatta","doi":"10.3390/environsciproc2021012006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021012006","url":null,"abstract":"A large number of factors affect the energy consumption of a building. These factors can be categorized into building-related and space-related factors. The purpose of this study was to use the geospatial information system (GIS) to estimate and analyze the relative importance of factors within either group to model the gas and electricity consumption of several randomly selected residential buildings in the city of Kerman, Iran. The considered building-related factors were age, area, and price of the building, and the space-related factors were elevation, vegetation cover, and land surface temperature. The results showed that the area, elevation, and vegetation cover were the most important factors for gas consumption, while the age of the building and the land surface temperature affected the electricity consumption more than others.","PeriodicalId":11904,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Proceedings","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81874100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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