鱼类通道流体动力学:对克服小鱼洄游挑战的见解

IF 4.6 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Journal of ecohydraulics Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI:10.1080/24705357.2019.1604091
M. Knapp, J. Montgomery, Colin N. Whittaker, P. Franklin, C. Baker, H. Friedrich
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引用次数: 14

摘要

摘要在小体二蛟龙鱼类大量分布的地区,对河流的改造和利用在很大程度上是在没有充分了解小体二蛟龙鱼类洄游行为的情况下进行的。因此,现有的流内结构通常会阻止或限制迁移。目前的鱼道设计指南一般侧重于在已知的目标鱼类临界游动速度范围内提供平均水动力条件。必须牺牲相当大一部分的排放能力,以达到允许弱游泳者通过的平均横截面水速度。此外,由于对小体物种的水动力要求了解甚少,即使达到平均水动力设计标准,也不能保证成功通过。动物水力学研究的重点是水流如何影响鱼类的行为,反之亦然,通过研究鱼类与小尺度内流特性的相互作用。我们讨论了乙醇液压方法如何改善小鱼的通道设计,如țnanga/共同星系(星系maculatus),一种广泛分布的南半球双栖物种。本文详细讨论了涵洞的液压方法,涵洞是一种常见的结构,已知会阻碍许多小型物种的鱼类通过。
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Fish passage hydrodynamics: insights into overcoming migration challenges for small-bodied fish
Abstract The modification and utilization of rivers in regions where small-bodied diadromous fish are prevalent has largely occurred without fully understanding the migration behaviour of these species. As a result, existing in-stream structures often prevent or restrict migration. Current fish passage design guidance generally focuses on providing average hydrodynamic conditions within the range of known critical swimming velocities for target fish species. Considerable portions of discharge capacity must be sacrificed to achieve average cross-sectional water velocities that will allow passage of weak swimmers. Furthermore, because the hydrodynamic requirements for small-bodied species are poorly understood, successful passage is still not guaranteed even when average hydrodynamic design criteria are met. Ethohydraulic research is focused on how water flow influences fish behaviour and vice versa, by studying the interaction of fish with small-scale in-flow characteristics. We discuss how an ethohydraulic approach may improve fish passage design for small-bodied fish, such as țnanga/common galaxias (Galaxias maculatus), a widespread diadromous Southern Hemisphere species. The ethohydraulic approach is discussed in detail for culverts, a commonly found structure known to impede fish passage for many small-bodied species.
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