维克多/维多利亚:意大利复兴时期的性别与审美理想主义

Q3 Arts and Humanities Anglo Saxonica Pub Date : 2021-09-29 DOI:10.5334/as.40
Sharon Worley
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引用次数: 0

摘要

亨利·詹姆斯的短篇小说《最后的瓦莱丽》(1874)阐述了作者对英美风格的最后评价。美国女继承人与穷困潦倒的意大利贵族的联姻,表达了美国经济从农村农业向工业财富和大地产创造驱动的经济转变。通过将意大利贵族作为他的英意小说的主角,詹姆斯也粗略地承认了意大利贵族的恢复,这是意大利复兴运动期间革命者民族主义辩论的核心。1871年,一个统一独立的意大利诞生了,国王维克托-伊曼纽尔二世也在其中。美国人对收藏欧洲美学珍品的兴趣,与获得欧洲上流贵族的习惯和风格的愿望相结合,这些珍品后来被富有的美国人收购,成为美国主要的博物馆藏品。在世纪之交,盎格鲁-意大利作家和艺术家对意大利和百年美国的革命事业失去了兴趣,取而代之的是一种新的纯粹唯美主义,缺乏潜在的政治和道德议程。詹姆斯的小说阐明了一种新的婚姻危机,在这种危机中,男人宣布他们要从依赖他们的女人中独立出来。詹姆斯对妇女运动问题的逆转是从男性的角度来探讨家庭性别角色的。他的主人公都是受过教育的美学家,他们渴望逃避社会性别和婚姻角色的限制。美国人在19世纪末镀金时代(Gilded Age)获得的新财富,提供了对传统男性职责的这种曲解,而没有公开支持妇女选举权运动和恢复妇女就业。
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Victor/Victorian: Gender and Aesthetic Idealism During the Italian Risorgimento
Henry James’ short story, Last of the Valerii (1874), articulates the author’s final assessment of the Anglo-American style. The marriage between the American heiress and impoverished Italian nobleman expresses the transition in the American economy from rural agriculture to one driven by industrial wealth and the creation of large estates. By making the Italian aristocracy the protagonists of his Anglo-Italian novels, James also provides a cursive acknowledgement of the restoration of the Italian aristocracy which was at the heart of the revolutionaries’ nationalist debate during the Italian Risorgimento. The creation of a unified and independent Italy in 1871 also included a king, Victor-Emmanuel II. The desire to acquire the habits and style of the genteel European nobility was grafted onto the new American interest in collecting the aesthetic treasures of Europe then being acquired by wealthy Americans to form the major museum collections of America. Towards the turn of the century, Anglo-Italian authors and artists lost their interest in the revolutionary cause of Italy and centennial America, and replaced this cause with a new pure aestheticism, lacking an underlying political and moral agenda. James’ novels articulate a new crisis in marriage in which men declare their independence from their dependent women. James’ reversal of the women’s movement issue approaches domestic gender roles from the male perspective. His protagonists are educated aesthetes who long for escapism from the confines of societal gender and marriage roles. The new wealth acquired by Americans towards the end of the century during the Gilded Age, afforded such perversions of traditional male duties, without overtly supporting the women’s suffrage movement and rehabilitation of women’s employment.
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来源期刊
Anglo Saxonica
Anglo Saxonica Arts and Humanities-Literature and Literary Theory
CiteScore
0.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
5
审稿时长
9 weeks
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